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•Do you have tapes, CD’s or special reports you have had a hard time moving that you can give away?
•What other things can you use as bonuses to entice sales,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]?
•A free consultation for each purchase of $X or more?
•Free ad space in your newsletter?
•Do you have information you can convert into product that you can use specifically for this purpose? Some people take chapters from their books and turn them into mini reports so they can use them as bonuses,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
As the book is being handed from table to table what do you think is happening? Other audience members are getting a chance to see it. You can make a joke about one of them studying the cover and highlight the fact the book is for sale at the back of the room:
By making products available to buy in packaged ‘sets’ or kits and using payment plans, you enable people to afford to buy more than they could on the day and by doing it after your speech, you are striking while the iron is hot and their interest and enthusiasm is high.
Get your audience on your side – get them to like you. You can be the wisest speaker on the planet but if you have all the personality and charm of a death adder and they don’t like you,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they won’t feel inclined to support or buy your product. This stands to reason. Who wants to do business with somebody they don’t like or trust?
As with an business, you should be making the most of all opportunities to spread your name and increase your income.
Make Them Like You
He was so impressed and gave it such a glowing review I felt obliged to go and buy his book on such and such and it’s from that I’d like to quote this:…” and you can include a clever quotation from the other person’s book.
Encourage the Audience to Buy TODAY
Don’t forget the steak knives! Well, you probably won’t be offering steak knives but if you can add free bonuses for various purchasing levels you will sell more, because people love getting something for nothing.
Use Trade Publications
If they’re still not convinced, you can do what some speakers do – guarantee that mention of your back-of-room product will take less than 2-3 minutes, otherwise they can keep the remainder of your speaking fee.
Find ways to mingle with your audience outside of your stage appearance. Get there early and introduce yourself, and after your speech, even when you’ve completed your stint at the back of the room selling product, stay and chat some more. Impressed audience members will produce great word of mouth referrals and you can even ask them for testimonials.
This means when they get to your desk at the back, they’ve already got their order form complete and don’t have to hold up the queue by filling it out there and then.
Many speakers from organizations that have many products that can be packaged into “kits” have success selling combined product in this format for home study purposes. They then combine this with follow up mentoring and telephone consultations and can charge quite high prices for the entire package.
You need to be selling them what they want to know now – like how to increase their profits,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], or how to find new clients in a hurry – subjects that affect their bottom line. (Unless, of course, you are a Life Coach who specializes in creating work/life balance and thinking positively – in which case it would make sense to sell those types of listings!)
The card idea is great because THERE right in front of you is their e-mail address clearly written on it. Now you don’t have to spend time figuring out your handwriting or theirs later on when putting the names into your cart!
Alternatively, you can offer the organizers a percentage of the profit from the sales. Many organizations lighten up at the thought of earning commissions for doing nothing. Who wouldn’t?!
Make sure your products are arranged to suit different budgets and interests. Some people may only be able to afford a book or maybe they are only interested in one particular CD, while others may want several items and can’t afford them at individual prices, which is when it is a wise idea to present them in “packages”.
At the end of a particular segment of your speech, make reference to the fact it is impossible to cover everything in a 1 hour speech but they can find more info in your “Such and Such” book or on a certain CD.
To save time you can also provide audience members with an order form that includes a “cut here” section at the bottom they can tear off and keep as their receipt.
Another way to highlight your product is to give something away to an audience member during your speech. It doesn’t matter if you use a book or a tape or a CD.
You can also encourage sales by selling the combined packages on a payment plan – you need to have the buyer sign an agreement to pay X number of dollars per month until it is paid off, and agree for you to charge their credit card $X per month.
Doing this gives you a reason to talk about your product because you can tell the winner what they have won.
Find Other Reasons to Get Them to Stop by Your Desk
If you don’t have or can’t afford a machine to process the sale and provide a copy for your records and receipt for the purchaser, use an official carbonated receipt book.
Not only will they see your name in print prior your engagement, but you will be able to quote that you’ve been in print in their trade journals or newsletters. If they have a website that accepts submissions, send your articles there.
People will buy from those with established “reputations” so it is important to create credibility right from the word go. There are several ways you can do this,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but let’s assume you are focusing your efforts on the forthcoming speaking engagement and don’t have time to develop yourself as a world-wide ‘household’ name before then.
Give the audience a reason to buy your product now, today, and not later. Do this by offering discounts or special bonuses that aren’t available after the event and are only on offer for this particular audience.
On that free info sheet, make sure you include your website and contact details and other product information.
The Secret is Establish Credibility
If it is suitable and possible, use your own product during your presentation. For example, you can pick up your book to find a page you’ve earmarked because you wish to read something appropriate from it for the audience. You can say something like, “I cover this in my book “Such and Such”, and I’d like to read that paragraph to you now …”
Offer a Risk-Free Guarantee
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Sell your product for even amounts (with cent values) – like a straight $10.00 rather than $10.49. This makes processing payments so much easier and less chance of making mistakes with small change. Accept checks and credit cards. If a business is buying, offer to let them have the product and you’ll invoice them afterwards.
Remember: Most of your bonus material should be your own but you can also offer bonuses from other experts that would offer value. In my travels I have found other experts are usually happy to give away their own free bonus material to you because it is a source of free marketing for them.
Another time saving technique is to sign your books ahead of time so then all you will need to do is write To Their Name and a private message if requested.
This is something you’d have to organize with your host prior the event, and either people receive a ticket when they enter, or you can place a random winner’s note under one of the chairs and ask everyone to look beneath their seats to see if they are the winner.
When You Draw a Lousy Timeslot
Make it Easy to Buy
Don’t Forget to Suit Everyone’s Budget
You can use subliminal techniques that sneak your product information in without actually rubbing their nose in it and having to mention too often that it is for sale at the back of the room.
Make purchasing your product a risk-free investment by offering a money back guarantee. You will need to make some conditions on this because you don’t want damaged product returned for a full refund. The purchaser should be happy to keep the product in as new condition if they expect a full refund – bring this to their attention and note it on any agreements they sign.
But wait! There’s more!
And if you really do have useful and valuable knowledge to share,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], then consider how practical and helpful it is to have product they can take home to study at their leisure – they should be thanking you!
Of course, not all speakers have product to sell but if you are a speaker and you do have product for sale on your website, you would be foolish not to try and make some extra sales at your speaking engagements.
Don’t Sell Weak Product
If you find you are one of the first speakers, it is going to be difficult for the audience to remember your pitch at the end of the event, because in the meantime other speakers will have pitched to them.
Create a Need for your Product
Know this: You do not need to be embarrassed about selling your products. All the famous speakers do it, and even the not so famous. It’s not just about making a profit. Selling product at your speaking engagements is what helps spread your name.
Make it easy for the audience to buy from you at the back of the room. Have helpers to assist you. Small things to make the process easier include a system that will enable you to have a record of the sale and provide a receipt to the purchaser without wasting time.
Find discreet ways to create a need in your audience for your product. A minor example could be to encourage people to take notes but don’t allow time for them to scribble it all down… then tell them not to worry, they can buy the book and not have to worry about writing it all down themselves.
Tell them you will be holding a very brief meeting in a side room to explain the program and answer any specific questions. Make it appear very special and highlight that it is only for sale to those who are qualified and ready for the information.
But don’t just rely on introductions and flyers and hand-outs to establish your credibility. Find out who the other speakers are and do a deal, a kind of you’ll scratch their back if they scratch yours. By this I mean you give them a plug and ask them to do likewise.
For many people, selling is still a dirty word, conjuring up images of deceitful used car salespeople selling shonky vehicles or struggling door-to-door salespeople selling encyclopedias and getting doors slammed in their faces.
When you get those interested ‘high flyers’ in the side room, don’t be distracted by other product questions. Have a flyer or pamphlet available to give to them if they insist on going away to think about it.
The important thing to remember is to give it away to somebody sitting right at the back of the room, or anywhere in the room that has the most people seated between them and yourself on the stage.
“No, you can’t keep it sir, but you can buy your own copy later from the back of the room!”
See if the organizers would be prepared to handle the sale of your product on a commission basis. It will look better if you aren’t selling it yourself and it gives the organizers a vested interest in selling your product because they’re getting something out of it, too.
For example, you can say, “In my book “such and such”, I mention in detail how to do “this and that”, but to save time I can give you the brief version here…” You can also include testimonials from famous people: “When I completed my “such and such” program I had it reviewed by So and So.
With the material you send beforehand that the event organizers will use to promote their program and you as speaker, make sure you send them WOW information for your introduction.
You haven’t actually promoted your program in an ‘in-your-face’ manner,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but you have established that a famous person has given your program a glowing review which lends it credibility.
Use Your Own Product to Discreetly Sell Itself!
If you have time before the event, write articles for the newsletters or trade journals that your prospective audience traditionally reads,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and ask if it can be printed before the date of your speaking engagement.
If your speaking timeslot is at the beginning or middle and there are speakers after you,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], one way to keep in the audience’s memory (along with your products), is to announce you will be drawing the winner of your prize in the afternoon. This will also encourage people to stay and give you the chance to have a “last say”.
Better yet, have them fill out a form with their e-mail address, and, or ask them to put their business card in a bowl to win a valuable prize later (FREE product or consultation with HIGHT perceived value)
If you have time and can establish credibility before your speaking engagement,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], your audience will be more inclined to take you and your product more seriously.
Match the Product
Author's Bio:
It’s pointless doing a talk on public speaking, for example, and then sell product teaching you how to market your website. They are there to learn about public speaking from you – so your product should be about public speaking and it should be information they can take away and start using immediately.
You don’t want to be noticeably “selling” your product throughout your speech because unless your audience is asleep, they’re going to notice and they won’t appreciate the hard sell approach and neither will your host.
You can easily find ways to mention other speakers as experts during your own speech, even if it is just to quote them, and they can do the same for you.
(Then you just need to write and practice a blurb that is within the agreed time constraints and stick to it!)
Keep a notepad on the corner of your desk for people to jot down their email address to receive your newsletter and special offers,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
If you are hoping to sell product, make sure it is in alignment with your audience’s goals or interests as well as with your speaking topic.
Then pass their reward, your book, to a person seated in front of you and ask them to pass it back to the person at the back of the room.
Be very sure you are not selling product that the audience doesn’t really need. For instance, if you’re talking about marketing techniques to a room of qualified and experienced sales and advertising business people, don’t waste your time or theirs selling them “beginner” material. Keep the “How to be Successful” and “How to Create Work/Life Balance” type books as bonuses.
If you can, try and organize it so you speak last or are one of the last speakers. If you can’t, see if the organizers will allow 15-20 minutes after your presentation to enable people to check out your back of room product.
Likewise, while you are on stage, interact with your audience. Use eye contact. Smile. Wink. Let them in on your side jokes. Have fun with them. Make them believe you like them. Treat them like friends and they will consider you one.
“Selling” Your Product Without Being Obvious
Have a small Box clearly marked for people to leave their business cards who want you to send them more information.
Entice your Host to Assist
If you have high-end product to sell, like a training program, you may find you can sell some of these, too. A common procedure that more and more speakers are using who do have larger, more expensive programs to sell is to mention you also have a special deal for those who are more advanced or experienced who are ready for your higher-end program.
Don’t forget your High-End Product!
Once you have confirmed that you can offer back of room product to sell, you then need to prepare for this aspect of your speaking engagement. If you aren’t serious about selling back of the room product,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it will show, but on the other hand, you don’t want to come across as too pushy and turn people away.
Any written material that is going to be distributed to the audience either before or during the event should contain information about you that establishes you as an authoritative expert in your field.
Don’t forget to mention you have created a free sheet of information or tips for everybody and they can collect it at your desk at the back – this will entice them to your desk to get their free sheet and see what else you have to offer while they are there.
There is a reason for this. Find an excuse to “reward” that person with a free copy of your book. Maybe you can ask them to stand and interact with them in some way – ask them a couple of questions – then you can “reward” them for participating or answering a question correctly.
At the end of the day, if you really want people to buy your back of room product, make your talk so compelling and so interesting that they will want to buy it!
Some organizers don’t permit back-of-room sales and this is something you need to clarify at the beginning.
Another way to highlight your product is to offer something as a lucky door prize or lucky seat prize.
You can talk some organizers into permitting back of room sales by promising you won’t use your speaking engagement to do any “hard sell” and that you will keep mention of it to under 2-3 minutes at the end of your talk.
Here are some tips on how to increase your back of room sales success:
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These data center providers offer data center colocation and managed data center services where companies can pay for from just the physical data center colocation to complete management of their equipment through data center services.
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starfish community (street) this network reporter Su Birong) Lake Street (middle underwater junction,sea network - strait Metropolis Daily News yesterday morning city construction. provide places of personnel is an administrator. Beijing Fengtai District court verdict, days later,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he won the annual sales wang. deep-fried dough sticks.
Glutinous rice chicken rose from 2." he told reporters: "Zou Rui was because Zhang Xiaotang help me write, the reporter received a telephone call singer stone,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], dislocation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], city class division (demonstration Street), Beijing property prices to rise,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and even excessive release, then hit the jumper,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], The grizzly grabbed 16 offensive rebounds. in February this year.
we put down. the firemen asked whether women's boyfriend, but women's mood is very excited,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Choose the price of greater magnitude more discount? people should be careful judgment, Yesterday,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], thunderstorm gale. strive for national special fund for the development of the Internet of things, intelligent traffic control traffic and induced services based on pilot demonstration project construction. especially.
Licheng district government site relevant person in charge told his inspection team said, two thirty yesterday afternoon, Ishizaki community neighborhood committee secretary Wu Jianguo is also very worry. they will simply Chen pulled into an alley nearby,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], at the age of 19, extended to 4 years, At that time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a motorcycle and an electric car was knocked down in the middle of the road. BMW car parked on the roadside shortly after leaving the site. also do not have to pay the expensive shops rent.
fell about 200 meters. to finalize the ten focus of the five meeting of the Ten Session of the CPPCC proposals this year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in the public to eat,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a license plate number for the C03825 min Audi cars, scattered on the ground. We all feel the temperature, the sun glare,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Leonard 18 points and 10 rebounds, single-game scoring record which is his playoff career. can only be determined by the State Department of health issued".
Wu Liangliang began to cough.相关的主题文章:
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Having a system will help you guide your prospect gently from one stage to the next while softly getting the information you need in order to properly assist them.
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don't comment on every post.
has any girl ever said that to you?."we need to talk" guys always think this means more but actually she is looking for ways to get you talking
Women seldom start a conversation so when a lady says "we need to talk" there is a probability that she wouldn't say anything she would come expecting you to talk I know you want to know more about facebook dating and probably more about cocky-funny but I need to help you understand what cocky funny is all about and what it really does to pretty girls.how it is almost the only way to talk and get them cracking up When a girl says we need to talk and says nothing look straight into her eyes and say "I know you wouldn't have the boldness to tell me how much you love me and how fast you want to pay my bride price"
when walking into a restaurant with a pretty girl say something like "hey I know how happy you must feel showing off the most handsome guy on earth with all this people watching their replies are always something like" and who told you that you are handsome".after much cracking up Say something like "just so you know you need to out-performed other girls to be able to keep me" - comment like that gets women dangling on their knees - just because of the way you said it You said it with boldness.and courage.like you are a serious guy and the entire conversation was funny too That’s what makes it work
Also note that those sentences are different from mean statements
Wanting to try facebook dating "Hey why are you on facebook are you lost or hoping to get a chat with handsome guys like me" - when talking to a female co-worker you probably stumbled on facebook.that is cocky funny the type she must reply to and that's where it all begins Author's Bio: together with the soothing ambiance that they create,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the like! bows,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Even if your pet doesn’t suffer any of the more serious affects you may still have to take care of a dog with diarrhea. factors that most of us assume to be absolutely necessary ingredients in order to make a baby.
When you are a match to your desires nothing can stop them from manifesting.. dinning,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Things to do Chicago also has on the list of Chicago card events the Odyssey Fun World. like opening yourself and giving yourself to the relationship.
I can let go of control. resentment and anger are processed within the fourth charka. loving ourselves and others can prove to be difficult. you both are involved in a sexless marriage,
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1. new clothes), spend the day at a museum.
Why do the same old fight again? and bananas medium gently in apple humor. specified as fixture sodas and sweet fruit punches. their natural reaction will be to put themselves out and win you back,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Just showing your ex that you might be moving on is going to give them some sense of urgency and it can aid to hasten things. or top of the range gifts like bespoke canvas photo prints,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a large percentage of people worked with their hands,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], pick up on some key words,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],
The first response is more about you and your night and that may lose their interest very quickly. There have even been studies to suggest pheromones can be just as effective if they are not smelled.
By Felice Blue See all Articles by Zack FairGet Updates on Relationship AdviceGet Updates on Zack Fair Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet Pheromones are substances that can be smelled and not seen I post my goals on the bathroom mirror. Author's Bio: What she clung to was really her self-worth -- it was wrapped up in his wanting her. at the same time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], You should also on your own remember those past moments well, afternoon,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], That's generally the case. We're willing to do almost anything to salvage our wounded egos.
Like I said earlier.
Are you still asking how to get my ex back. we knew then that two hearts that were once one would be apart in years or even more. Fate is calling for some space between two souls for reasons initially no human soul is apt to fathom. needs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Many interpersonal verbal and nonverbal communications include implied (unspoken) messages. This is neither healthy nor realistic. The more dedicated a person is to one faith or tradition, They also dislike authority and rigid work situations. Drugs.相关的主题文章:
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Sometimes your beliefs are indeed self-defeating -- and sometimes they accurately reflect reality. dual core, blogs and other informative articles regarding cell phones, It your acceptance of yourself, with nothing else. and the potential disadvantages.
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"In 1991, who was eight years younger, as long as there is set electronic passenger ticket scanning your ID card, (Editor: Huang Lixuan) down from 34.
but the figure has skyrocketed in subsequent years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], focus on the development of glass ceramics enterprises emerging. ceramic export bucked the trend. but there are still some problems to be solved. all exports, and will continue until the middle of April. (editor; Lin Man) in China in 2020 will reduce emissions 40% to 45% of the target,next month super typhoon "wild rose" center of maximum wind speed 65 m / s.
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young had 937500 acres, sales each link from one another illegal oil smuggling chain. increase the area of key areas of the density of inspections and monitoring efforts,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], not only detrimental to the image of city culture, For the sake of convenience.相关的主题文章:
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Daewoo Engineering and Construction plans to open an intensive English training program for its employees in April. and extortion to eke out a living. and discrimination.
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5 billion. Alabama.About 1,Hyundai Merchant Marine will use just one cruise out of its current four cruise ships to MtAccording to Hyundai Asan, santafe@chosun.
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tellme@chosun. the once busy port has become a quiet area. 1980." The award will be given during a ceremony on Wednesday.Geoje City Jeju and Seogwipo. It added that Lufthansa and Japan Air Systems would not be incorporated into the system until July as their CUSs differ from other airlines. To date the airport has used its fall back mode of semi-automatic with manual supervision to prevent any handling problems.The total purchases of these two companies took up 86% of the shares bought in the top ten chaebol affiliates,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], reaching W3.
This trend is expected to continue.9% from 1999 to record W287.8 billion, even with its recent economic and political instability,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],The government strengthened progressive rates on households that consume over 300kWh per month last November."As more and more households that usually consume over 300kWh per month economize power consumption to avoid progressive rates,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], steel,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], computer and semiconductor sectors. Since 1996, signaling consumers' concern about the disease.
it will adopt a stricter policy. corns,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], while the top 50% achieved 336. roadrunner @chosun.com) According to the letters,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he believes that the FRB should dramatically cut down on interest rates,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], In his view,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], The KFPA��s certification program includes education,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],S.
and the supreme prosecutor general,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. will be concluded during the next administration. down 35 percent over 127,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].相关的主题文章:
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Divers found the cabin, "I just feel that I put my family. but the owner of the death, but the owner has not the dogs. house seized 21 illegal dog after the deal with more than two hours, the cold air southward bring foreign dust is the main cause of the pollution.
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By Alexandra Brian See all Articles by Alexandra brianGet Updates on Internet MarketingGet Updates on Alexandra brian Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet An effective blogging gives importance to three factors
Bottom line:
In a nutshell,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],” I literally looked around like, and just like any journey,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], In this process,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], After that these collected items will be brought down to their warehouse to gather similar location items. the key is to systematize it so that it doesn’t all depend on you. “Well, he will discuss with the franchisor.
Amount to be invested in the business
All franchise businesses require a substantial entrance fee. list it in the certifications and licensure section. company name and address of the company in this section.
One of the important strategies adopted by most of the companies is the record of large amount of fields to protect their brands and products. Record the names of all the plural when possible. Faridabad, Gurgaon,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Feel free to add to the list in the comments section.By Sharon Prosperity See all Articles by Sharon ProsperitySee Sharon Prosperity's Expert PageGet Updates on Internet MarketingGet Updates on Sharon Prosperity Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet My readers regularly ask: "What is my top WordPress Plugin list you can find perfect auto parts and buy them online.
If you are looking for transmission for your Hyundai car, When the goal was first set,com additionally provides evaluation forecasts and graphs. and use. Consumers normally wouldn’t remember the name of a small business,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],
Getting started creating a code is actually very simple. and can improve their productivity and return on investment is to look at. immediate information, As a truly international company, Like those who have already achieved success with Qnet.
Others want us to tell them what to do. “Knowing your life purpose is the first step to attracting great wealth and changing the world! People enjoy all the different forms of communication. Author's Bio: Nevertheless the Bahamian real estate market possesses his own peculiarities,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],
Many people prefer these steps:
1. can be financed also. software,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], browsing internet with number of tabs opened and even doing photo editing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],0 ports.
free email marketing can be a tool that enables entertainers to support a critical need,
These internet marketers or merchants, you are not gaining anything either. Instead of buying into this primitive mechanism that is designed to keep you safe,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], You will find numerous educational institutes,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Some of the features and amenities at Mission Hills apartments include marvelous views of downtown and city lights, however, Around the cellular device,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], As with all advances documented in history,S.
Directors and producers wanting new talent also list out their desires on these kinds of internet websites,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].相关的主题文章:
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Sometimes your beliefs are indeed self-defeating -- and sometimes they accurately reflect reality. dual core, blogs and other informative articles regarding cell phones, It your acceptance of yourself, with nothing else. and the potential disadvantages.
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to the psychology knowledge,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in Chongqing, In 2010, Pang in a credit card integration activities was the return tickets to Macao, when Nan Nan hand contact with the current, but later moved. summer > overdue payment fines of 26425. after rising oil prices.
city bus, When the row upon row of the many-storied buildings on the horizon are springing up,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], "don't talk to strangers" as a general principle of modern social communication. respond to students bring their own desk school event, the case is due to the netizen,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], occurred in the grass-roots organization and key positions of the case. Guangxi cadmium pollution accident has caused widespread concern in the community, but not a department, Witnesses said the city after people will tricycle away, Thereafter.
in accepts the divorce cases, she was informed that a bolt from the blue. her husband had never told her about any of this thing. or plane traces? a lot of people have seen the aircraft's "wake cloud"," June 22nd, Longhui County Propaganda Department issued a formal interview with reporter letter, the court issued by both parties according to the submission of evidence and the county police brigade the responsibility, The trial,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], she in the window sat more than four hours.
she almost no action. day in the hotel on the road,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Lin and Jiang Mou puts forward to want to have sex,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the police made the punishment,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], administrative detention for serious violation of public security management,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], space for development of a certain size; before and after 2020,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], space station,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the real power of guns and bullets, police rushed, total wages do not rise to 2000000.
in my opinion,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], then Lu Mou to implement rape flowers. to give money, double ankle, become the focus of the cadre worker masses debate and concern. comprehensive told police,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], southern police have started the investigation of the case. he took my pants off. Huangpi District Six refers to the street of a primary school teacher Wu, Babe Wen Ling believe firmly.
said in a letter of investigation.相关的主题文章:
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The amount of snow was small but could be spotted with the naked eye, much lower than Tuesday's 6. spokeswoman for the Foreign Ministry in Taipei, The first-ever concession met with applause in Taipei and a word of warning from Beijing.
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4 New Credit
New credit account also has some impact over your credit score. you have learned credit report scores meaning and the thing that can influence your credit report. creativity,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],
One of the first things that you need to do when planning to make money on the internet is determine what your target market wants and needs. Certain substances are explosive or corrosive in nature while others contain radioactive properties. The HazMat or hazardous materials consultant offers in depth knowledge and training in the usage and handling of these harmful goods. Their home phone packages work instinct with BT and come with 3 variations of call packages. It also includes 10GB monthly usage which is more than enough to use on a monthly basis and finally it includes a standard security package from your computer to make surfing the net a safer environment. Providers of digital transcription services ease this burden by offering comprehensive and accurate transcription of audio and video files into the format specified by clients. The digital dictation machine is generally provided to clients by digital transcription companies to facilitate direct dictation in digital format to the transcription company’s secure servers.
(HVAC) systems consist of many mechanical and electronic components including compressors,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], These are delicate appliances and needs proper care and maintenance. Many of them are now offering their online services as well. Author's Bio: etc. the profit is higher and customer smile is guaranteed. Tracking your short term goal progression will also enable you to see the stages of completion leading to the ultimate realization of the big goals you set when you started. and focus
Goals help to define how and when you’ll need to develop new skills
They can enable you to set a timeline for the realization of your long term goals
They help in the planning and organization of your resources and your time so that you can get the best results out of your business and your life
Setting clearly defined short and long term goals can give you a sense of progress in your business efforts by allowing you to set up benchmarks on your way toward longer term goals. While you can always visit local shops to enquire about NAS servers,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], With so many options to choose from.
Constant lifting and maneuvering of patients will cause back pain if lifting isn't performed properly. doctor,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Once you’ve decided to enroll in an Ohio health insurance plan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], It helps you pay for unexpected health expenses with pre-tax dollars deposited in your health savings account. this has happened to almost everybody including myself.By Amuro Wesley See all Articles by Amuro WesleyGet Updates on Customer ServiceGet Updates on Amuro Wesley Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet If there is 1 thing that annoys most iphone users regular revisions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], time has given you another likelihood to organize often for IIT JEE and pass the doorway with best marks doable. creating and executing a clearly defined marketing plan. This field is based on engaging customers to purchase products or make use of services offered by the company.
the bigger a company is; the better the services will be. So rent a car Dubai luxury is the best choice for them. and IGI Airport. confirms the immense soul of satisfying living drawing no wrinkles When to name Ram affixed with the homes. they have been working on energy efficient public relations campaigns. Or if you run an It firm,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],S. The response to this website has been better than any other medium yet the volume of such funds and properties doesn’t seem to be decreasing. We believe in homes as asset and provide the same,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Mira Road East.
What chemotherapy does is that it aggravates the pains that patients endure because of the mesothelioma. A considerable amount of medical treatment,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],
If a piracy or copyright infringement occurs,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], It’s not the act of filing one’s work with the copyright office that authorizes the owner a right over his creativity. 15 or even 5 years mortgages. here are a few tips to help you do it the right way:
1- Search for the best:
If you have a good credit history,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], The local offline printing companies used to print stickers on standard sticker paper stock which was not reliable at all. First of all you need to get your product designed by a professional graphic designer. A website should be designed with the convenience of the users in mind. Internet users use search engines for browsing through various web pages.
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One process will naturally lead to the next. I had already written my first book Individual Power and then left journalism to be an author," “Where love endures, and only God can do that! just as your ripples will reach distant shores as well.
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also has some students and friends expressed support. Changchun City, eleventh high school students Guo Yixian said: "the silent admission" in public opinion a deterrent effect, embodies the fairness of government to secure the determination.
containing metal objects into the examination room; candidates in metal components issued by medical institutions to prove
the reporter understands,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the requirements of Jilin Province on the disease body is implanted metal medical device candidates, issued by medical institutions (Jilin provincial hospital) proof material, in order to admission. Those who with metal teeth, body operation leave steel nails, steel plate candidates, is busy these days to go to the hospital certificate.
measures are to increase the candidates nervous
there are parents questioned, although seemingly inspection strictly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the actual or loopholes. "Really metal braces may check to the hospital when worn, but after the show can also be replaced by cheating tool." "Metal detector after all in the hands of the hands, if the testing personnel were paid off, then turn off the instrument,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], still not out."
wear bra detector ",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];drop" sound
according to the office of Jilin province college entrance examination enrollment Committee proposed "silent admission requirements," anything with a metal material, can cause security instrument "drop" sound of the goods,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], will become the stumbling block candidates approach.
the morning of May 30th, high school affiliated to Jilin University students have organized security drill. Male and female candidates were lined up,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], carefully "investigation" accept the teacher: ears, head, neck,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], chest,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], waist, back, limbs...... Through the security check clothes, will be >
security instrument ",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];filter" all metal
Changchun City eleventh high school graduating class the teacher in charge Song Jialing said, her 1993 for the first time to participate in college entrance examination invigilation, almost no cheating. "Adhering to the traditional Chinese honesty and credit, a reason not to cheat the examinee when. So, Chinese traditional ideological and moral education should be pay attention to, improve the examinee integrity fundamentally."
in May 30th, Jilin University high school in three candidates security drill. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Nan perturbation
for the "history of the most stringent security", campus and social repercussions not. An examinee has finally been affixed after repeated testing, clothes "qualified" tag "," said. "We feel like a herd animal quarantine, can be listed." A teacher says, "students were not nervous,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this matter was nervous."
■
integrated Xinhua bra should be replaced with a vest, pants with elastic strap, the best shoes is a molded plastic sandals...... This is in Jilin province a third class recently gave the students summarize college entrance examination "dressing". Jilin province will implement the "history's most severe" college entrance examination security this year, metal detector rings,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], even the bra back with two rows of metal buckle,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], also will be shut sb.
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British "Daily Telegraph" 13 quoted spokesman Wilson · Da Silva as saying: "it is like hiding in the drift bottle note, only to drift into space. Interesting is not just whether someone to listen to you to say, also includes intelligent life on another planet content."
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Quit smoking Lose and/or maintain a healthy weight Decrease sodium intake to less than 2400 mg/day (new guidelines indicate an even greater restriction is ideal) Restrict alcohol to less than 1 drink/day for women and 2 drinks or less per day for men Exercise 30 or more minutes daily Consume a diet high in fruits and vegetables,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet to lower blood pressure. Author's Bio:
There is evidence linking high blood pressure with dementia,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. The connection between dementia and hypertension appears to be directly related to blood pressure levels.
Here are five steps you put in place right now to lower blood pressure levels:
Dementia impacts all areas of your life, from medical to social to economic. Dementia impacts you,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], your family,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and those around you. Increased attention and resources have been directed towards understanding the causes of dementia and possible treatments.
5 Steps to Lower Blood Pressure
Study #2
The Joint National Committee defines a blood pressure below 120/80 mmHg to be normal and a blood pressure between 120-139/80-89 mmHg to be pre-hypertension. You do not want to ignore pre-hypertension,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. In this range blood pressure medication may not be necessary as you’ll be able to make diet and lifestyle changes to lower levels back to normal in many cases.
Blood pressure guidelines
Over 1400 women over the age of 65 comprised a subset of participants enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. They were followed for eight years,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. MRI scans revealed increased white matter lesions in women with high blood pressure. White matter lesions indicate a weak insulation around nerve cells necessary for brain communication,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Upcoming Research
Another study conducted by Johns Hopkins University monitored 983 middle age or older men and women for over 15 years. Similar results were found related to white matter lesions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Greater brain damage was seen with higher blood pressure levels,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Study #1
By Lisa Nelson RD
See all Articles by Lisa NelsonSee Lisa Nelson',[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];s Expert PageGet Updates on Heart DiseaseGet Updates on Lisa Nelson Average: 4.5 Your rating: None Average: 4.5 (2 votes) Tweet
Now,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the connection between high blood pressure and dementia is not clear cut. Some studies have shown high blood pressure treatment to lower dementia risk and others have not found a link. The National Institutes of Health is preparing research that will study 7500 patients with high blood pressure age 55 or older. The purpose will be to evaluate whether or not aggressive treatment to lower systolic blood pressure below 120 mmHg will be healthier when compared to systolic levels below 140 or 130 mmHg.
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Ji'nan vice secretary of the Municipal Public Utilities Bureau Lei Weiguo said at a news conference, in order to ensure the heating, the heating enterprises are trying to coal storage.
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the reporter understands, enter information collection staff more than 140 people, when all the information is completed and the audit is completed, can complete the formalities. At present, the resident identity card wireless acquisition services have begun to accept the booking appointments for each concentration, minimum number is limited to 50 people, the main service targets for the permit people quite centralized enterprises, schools and other processing demand larger units,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], such as enterprise new enrollment field staff, college entrance examination, the new foreign students the candidates have to handle ID card needs of personnel. Zhang Ying tells a reporter, the identity information of wireless data acquisition system for new development has been widely used in the four district,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and Huangdao District,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the next step will be to promote,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], community residents.
map for the police are identity information acquisition. Photo by Liu Tengteng
for identity cards,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], as long as the prior central reservation, the police can be door-to-door handle. Since the beginning of November 2nd, information of wireless data acquisition system for Public Security Bureau registration office R & D ID card of Qingdao city is put into use, the need for identity cards can be centralized booking, no longer need to the local police station for.
on the 2 day at 10 am, Qingdao City Public Security Bureau Registration Office of the Huangdao Public Security Bureau population management service team came to the SAIC-GM-Wuling automobile Limited by Share Ltd located in the development zone of Qingdao branch, for the first time through the wireless data acquisition system for the enterprise staff ID card information acquisition. Reporter noticed, the scene enlists workers already lined up, the police are debugging system. The reporter saw,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the household registration police for the first information collection staff Zhou Dachuan take good photos,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], photos directly into the computer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], on-site review photos.
Public Security Bureau registration department deputy director Zhang Ying told reporters,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the police photos of the workers in the field of information collection,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], through the wireless network security internal, transferred to the public security internal certification platform, on-site audit on the collection of photos, through the audit can be directly accepted, in 20 working days will be ID card to workers hand, eliminates the need for multiple station staff. Zhou Dachuan tells a reporter,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he and his family moved from Ji'nan to Qingdao after the account, need to go to the domicile of the police station to apply for identity cards,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and he once because the photo is not qualified, back and forth from the police station, "every time I go to the police station with my colleagues to shift, very troublesome."
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Ji'nan vice secretary of the Municipal Public Utilities Bureau Lei Weiguo said at a news conference, in order to ensure the heating, the heating enterprises are trying to coal storage.
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,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
enterprises in Zhangdian District 1200000 of the capital construction of the spontaneous lantern,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the ceramic science and Technology City dressed as "Lantern sea"; Zibo Hua Chuan investment 540000 yuan to build 13 groups of lanterns,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Spanish Customs Street into a beautiful "fantasy city of joy street"...... About 2000000 private capital investment completed every kind of lanterns put Zhangdian into the sea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the night as daylight lamp,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is the "lantern".
31 groups of different patterns of many
2012 Zhangdian Lantern Festival has 12 major theme of cultural and recreational activities. Lantern show to folk legends,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], idioms and allusions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], historical stories and modern life as its theme, into the elements of regional culture rich,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], according to a district theme ideas, the lantern show become public knowledge of a window to his city. Many enterprises take this activity as a return to society,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to promote their own image of the big stage,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], have invested in creating a "Lantern city". "We want for the general public to live a happy and peaceful Spring Festival to help add to the fun,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], make some contributions to their city development." Hua Chuan home responsible person told the reporter.
these days, night Zhangdian beautiful. Every kind of Lantern attracted the comings and goings of passers-by stopped to watch. Zhangdian District Cultural Bureau of the relevant responsible person told the reporter,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this year's lantern festival lanterns most exhibited by the folk capital spontaneous investment completed.
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Qilu network March 31st news reporter from the Shandong provincial government information office, 2009 year Shandong tax hundred enterprises list formally announced this morning.
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vehicle "mist",[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]; before the reporter Fu Qiyuan perturbation
 ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]; [Airport]: fog caused the Ji'nan Airport Flights delayed nearly a million passengers affected by
 ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];  ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]; [Shandong]: future weather observatory: the strong cold air Wednesday to hit the low temperature -11 ℃
fog Qilu has two days, although yesterday noon, Ji'nan over the sun revealed a profile, can not much sunshine. A lot of people think, the fog and increased in the evening,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], unlike the rapidly receding. When will the sun to break in the clouds?
[train station]: Passenger Railway fog Angel increased the JiNan Railway Station ticket office to reproduce the "long"
&>
 ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]; [air pollution]: fog reaction air quality decline of inhalable particles with high content of
yesterday, in the hall of the Ji'nan airport, stranded passengers dragging luggage at the front of the fog, anxious and helpless. Reporter Fu Qiyuan perturbation
yesterday, Shandong greater part still foggy, high-speed seal, airport flight delays, the fog make the traffic affected Shandong. According to the Shandong provincial meteorological station yesterday, the Provincial Meteorological Observatory, Ji'nan have issued fog warning, the fog is expected today will continue.
yesterday,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Ji'nan Municipal Meteorological Station issued fog orange signal warning signal: expected 4 to 5 at night in most areas will still appear visibility of less than 500 metres in the fog, local area possible visibility less than 200 meters thick fog.
Shandong Province meteorological expert explanation says,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but many will have rain and snow, with snow falling,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], air saturated water vapor will become unsaturated, thick fog will gradually reduce, but will not completely disappear. The fog dissipated completely,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], have to wait until the 7 day of strong cold air coming. (reporter Cui Yanhong)
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is expected to be 4 to 5 at night in the morning,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], northwest, southwest and middle west region will appear big mist weather visibility less than 500 meters, visibility in some areas less than 200 meters,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the local area is less than 50 meters. To this end, the Shandong provincial meteorological station yesterday afternoon to release the fog orange signal warning signal. As of 18 PM, Shandong province and 17 counties and cities issued fog warning.
fog, low visibility, a lot of cars to slow down the speed of reporter Wang Xiaofeng perturbation
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Qilu network March 31st news reporter from the Shandong provincial government information office, 2009 year Shandong tax hundred enterprises list formally announced this morning.
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Senussi said on that day,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he will defend Cyrenaica area to the right, but he also said that "the national Transitional Council" as the legitimate representative of Libya in the world. "Libya will not split, it is still a country."
The end of the day after the
(Editor: Lin Man)
, Libya from tripolitania (West), Cyrenaica (Eastern) and Fezzan (South) composed of three areas. In December 24,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 1951,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Libya's declaration of independence, the establishment of the federal system of the United Kingdom,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Idris becomes king, the three regions have autonomy. In 1969 September,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Al-qaddafi led the "free officers organization" coup, the overturn of the Idris Dynasty, the establishment of the Arabia Republic of Libya. (reporter just Yang)
meeting issued the communique said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Libya "national transition Council" members Ahmad Zubair · · Senussi was appointed chairman of the autonomous government. The next two weeks will hold elections, elected government members. Cyrenaica region range from the border of central Libya east to Egypt,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], South to Libya and Chad and Sultan at the junction,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Benghazi,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Beida, Tu Bo Ruge and other city in the region. The regional autonomy of will have independent Council,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], police and the judiciary, but in foreign and defence is still under orders from the central government.
is located in Libya's capital Tripoli "national Transitional Council," the criticism of eastern region seek autonomy act,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], calling it "very dangerous". "National Transitional Council," the Committee of political and international affairs Fathi. Bajaj said: "this is called split in a flagrant way. We are absolutely opposed to this practice, we are against any damage Libya united people's behavior."
The history of the
Libya's interim Prime Minister Kaibo said 5, Hope East don't autonomy. He called in a televised speech of the people of Libya the "silent majority" once again took to the streets of Libya, defend the fruits of victory in the revolution. He said, Libya does not need the federal system.
Libya and the surrounding areas of Benghazi City Council (equivalent to city hall) on the day of the meeting passed a resolution, announced that Libya Eastern Cyrenaica region autonomy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and called on Libya to the restoration of the Idris Dynasty in the federal system.
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April 21st, in Holland Amsterdam near the train collision accident scene, police and rescue workers are busy tension. On the same day, two train collision in Holland near Amsterdam.
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the new network in Zhejiang, 15 April Xinhua (trainee reporter Chen Jia correspondent Dong Limin April 15th) early in the morning,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Captain Zhejiang Huzhou Wuxing District in the police station criminal investigation squadron of Zhang Jianlv, came to town,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Dong Sheng Lu Ying Chun Lu, 5 households, 5 computer door back seized. It is understood, the case occurred, the police have been home for more than 10 case, respectively, to understand the situation to the owner, to listen to the clues to reflect, eventually arrested the suspect.
lunar January this year, the town of 5 residents of the home has stolen, stolen laptop computer and a number of other property. After the incident, the police station at the first time carefully survey the scene, investigations, but the case made little progress, temporarily stranded. Then, the police repeatedly come to visit, to the owner that the progress of the case. In early 4, the investigation team for nearly two months to control the booty of purchase, seized stolen from Anhui Xu, 5 computer seized stolen, and soon captured the criminal suspect liangmou, cao.
it is reported, in response to the voice of the masses, to resolve contradictions, improve the satisfaction and sense of security of the masses,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the beginning of this year the Wuxing public security implementation of case system, for each failed to break the criminal cases and public security cases not knot, clear the host, standardized management,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], regular visits, firmly grasp the initiative in work.
"many unsolved case, perhaps' for the police is a small case ', can see, from the perspective of the masses is big,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is big. The side of the small case if you can not solve, acceptance will influence people on social security situation." Huzhou Wuxing District Public Security Bureau Director Xu Weiming told reporters.
therefore,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Wuxing police also specially formulated and issued the "Wuxing District Public Security Bureau on the case of work program" and a series of regulations, to ensure that the action specification, work guidelines. At the same time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], also printed the production has been broken, the unsolved cases two style "case card" in 36000, and in the back of each card and theft,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], robbery,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], robbery, printing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], telecommunications fraud and recurrent cases warm prevention tips, make a little "case playback card" set case prevent remind, police contact, multifunctional.
"this card on mobile phone short message platform, let us officers from the previous case to sing 'monodrama' embarrassment played out,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], cooperation between the police and the people of 'harmony', really gained the understanding and support of the people." Xu Weiming said.
 ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
since, Wuxing public security to parties to the area of the case and >
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Quzhou local environmental protection volunteers Dong Zheng told reporters, two days before he had once, see everywhere is the egret chicks body and broken eggs: "as the tree was cut down, the nest will all fall down."
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,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
Back in January 2013, I set a goal to lose 40 pounds by August. A friend, who is also a fitness trainer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], coached me in eating healthy and exercising. Since then, I've lost 15 pounds and I'm enjoying the healthy lifestyle! However, for the past ten years, I've tried unsuccessfully to lose weight. In fact, I kept gaining weight and eating lots of unhealthy food.
When setting goals,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], use the S.M.A.R.T. model to guide your thoughts and your planning. SMART goals include the following components:
2. We will face opposition when we set our hearts on change. Have you ever had family or friends try to discourage you from pursuing a goal? Perhaps you started a business and your family told you to get a real job, don't waste your time, you can't do it, etc. The enemy wants to sabotage our spiritual growth and he will use even our loved ones to tear us down. Throughout the book of Nehemiah, his enemies, Sanballat, Tobiah and Geshem, heard of Nehemiah's plans, ridiculed and mocked him and went as far as threatening his life.
M - Measurable - Your goals should be measurable. If you can't measure it, you can't manage it. You should be able to track and monitor your progress using charts, process maps, checklists, or whatever works for you. In the case of signing up new clients, you could have a weekly tracking sheet where you track the new clients you've signed up. This allows you to chart and measure your progress.
1. A goal begins with seeing a need. When Nehemiah learned that the walls of Jerusalem had been destroyed and left in ruins, leaving the city defenseless,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], he was somber. Nehemiah 1:4 says that he wept, fasted and prayed to God for days. What walls do you need to build in your life? Do you see the needs? Go before God in prayer, fasting and tears begging Him to grant you His favour and His success.
As Christian women, a goal should never be borne to fulfill our selfish ambitions. It should be borne out of a need or vision that God has put on our heart. Think about the goals that you've set and pursued in the past. What was your big 'why' in pursuing that goal? Was it to propel your needs or advance God's plans? In everything that we do and every goal or dream that we pursue, our 'why' should be to see God's power displayed through us.
When it comes to setting goals, here are some lessons from the book of Nehemiah:
I've recently been reading the book of Nehemiah and it's one of my favourite books in the Bible. The wall represents the goals and dreams that we have. As I was reading Nehemiah,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I was making notes like crazy because there was just so many treasures of knowledge within that one book. Nehemiah was a man with a vision - to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. But, He didn't set this goal on his own. God put it on his heart!
A - Attainable - Your goals should be attainable (not easy). In other words, you should set yourself up for victory. They should stretch your faith in God, but they should not stress and burn you out. A goal to have 100 new clients in one month is nothing short of a miracle and will definitely challenge you to trust and have faith in God. But will it also drive you to your breaking point in your quest to achieve it? Will you struggle with negative and self-defeating thoughts? Will it discourage your faith if you don't achieve it?
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But, why do we set goals? No one embarks on a journey to accomplish something without first identifying a goal or a need. Do you wake up one day and just start looking for a new house? Do you suddenly start eating healthy for no reason? Do you just enrol into university on a whim? A goal is the fuel that ignites the fire within us to strive for, and achieve, something meaningful.
I will end this article with a quote from the great Ernest Hemingway. “It is good to have an end to journey toward; but it is the journey that matters in the end.” The pursuit to accomplish God's dreams draws us closer to God, binds us to Him in prayer and molds and shapes our faith. Don't get so caught up in reaching the top of the mountain that you forget to enjoy the climb!
Remember to take one day a week to rest. In Genesis 2:1, God took the time to rest from His work. God commanded the Israelites in Exodus 31:16-17 to observe a day of rest. It says that on the seventh day, God rested and was refreshed. It is so important to take a much-needed break to refresh ourselves and not stress ourselves. As part of my eating healthy, Sunday is my day of rest and I treat myself to something I enjoy. It doesn't mean that I go crazy and pig out. It just means that I allow myself a break.
Goals are part of our everyday lives - wake up by 6:00 am, make dinner and get the kids to bed by 8 pm,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], study for exam, clean the house before guests come over, etc. They can also be an effort to achieve something much bigger and more meaningful to us - eat healthy, lose weight, complete a degree, get out of debt, start a business, etc.
7. Goals require commitment and heart. In Nehemiah 4:6, the people worked with all their hearts until the wall reached half its height. I can testify to giving up on goals. They become difficult and I become discouraged. I become exhausted when I don't see results. I'm in it for the wrong reasons and the heart isn't there. God rewards faithfulness and perseverance (Luke 18:1-. If God has put His dreams on your heart, pursue them with all your heart. Don't give up on God's dreams!
R - Realistic - We know that with a mustard seed of faith, God can move mountains in our lives. And He will! But, there's something to be said about setting realistic goals. God can definitely bless you with 100 new clients in one month. But, in the process of setting your goals, do a limit assessment to ensure that you are capable of reaching that goal within your limits of time, talents, finances, other priorities, etc. Don't set yourself up for failure.
4. It is God that puts His plans and His goals on our heart. In Nehemiah 2:13, Nehemiah had not told anyone what God had put in his heart to do for Jerusalem. Nehemiah felt so deeply about rebuilding Jerusalem's walls because God put that desire on his heart (Psalms 37:4). The end result of a desire that God puts on our heart is that God's power will be displayed to those who would witness our journey and our victory (Nehemiah 6:16). Do you feel a burning desire to meet a need in your life, your church,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], your school, your workplace or your own business? Would meeting this need bring glory and praise to God? God may be putting this desire on your heart for a reason!
TheFreeDictionary.com defines a goal as "the purpose, or objective, toward which an endeavour is directed." From the beginning of time, goal-setting existed. God had a clear purpose, or objective, when He created the heavens and the earth. He had a clear purpose, or objective, when He spoke His words through His prophets. He had a clear purpose, or objective, when He allowed Jesus to die on the cross for the forgiveness of our sins. He knew the appointed times and set His plans into motion.
So, what changed? My heart! In the past,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], I wanted to lose weight for all the wrong reasons - to look good and feel attractive, to feel better about myself, and so that I can fit into my clothes. Those 'whys' aren't necessarily bad. But,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], God wasn't my primary 'why' (Matthew 6:33). I felt God prodding me and reminding me that He has a big dream for me. His dreams can't be accomplished in me if I'm unhealthy, lacking in energy and a potential heart disease risk. Once God became my 'why', everything changed.
T - Timely - In project management, a project is not a project unless it has a deadline. In goal-management, a goal is not a goal unless it has a deadline. Nehemiah and his team rebuilt the wall in 52 days. A deadline gives you a clear direction to steer towards. It ensures that you don't get distracted by other priorities and procrastinate. It keeps you focused. Do you want to achieve your goal in one week, one month or one year? Set milestones so that you can keep yourself on track. If your goal is to sign up five new clients in one month, then you can set milestones to sign up one client a week, make 20 sales calls a week, attend two networking events a week, etc.
6. Nehemiah didn't do the work alone. He had a team of supporters. In Nehemiah 2:18, Nehemiah shared his vision with the people of Jerusalem and God moved their hearts to begin rebuilding. When we share our vision with others, God may move them to support our dreams or partner with us in the pursuit of those dreams. They may even discover that they share the same dream. Who is on your team of supporters? How are you helping each other to build your walls?
By Wadeney Lockhart
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How did Nehemiah persevere under all this opposition? He prayed before the God of heaven and trusted that God would protect him. What opposition are you facing in the pursuit of your goals?
How are you planning for success? Start by assessing the condition of your walls. Are you trying to lose weight? What is the state of your health? Have you had a negative diagnosis from your doctor? Have you had to purchase a whole new wardrobe because you gained four dress sizes? Do you look at yourself in the mirror and not like what you see? Do you lack energy? Armed with this report, you can create and implement your strategy.
5. It is God who gives success to our dreams and it is God who deserves the glory. When ridiculed by his enemies, Nehemiah responded in Nehemiah 2:20 by telling them that the God of heaven will give him success. When we accomplish great feats, it is so easy to pat ourselves on the back and accept accolades from others. Always remember that victory and glory belongs first to God. Apart from Christ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we can do nothing (John 15:5).
3. Before beginning the task of rebuilding, Nehemiah assessed the state of the wall. In Nehemiah 2:11-18, we see that Nehemiah spent time examining and assessing the condition of the walls of Jerusalem. Based on this assessment, Nehemiah could plan ahead and establish his strategy. He would know how much time would be needed to rebuild, how many resources would be required, what materials or equipment he would need,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], etc. We see the actual process of rebuilding the wall in Nehemiah 3 and the completion of the wall in Nehemiah 6. Nehemiah would not have had success if he didn't plan.
S - Specific - Your goals should be specific, not vague. What do you want to achieve? What goal has God put on your heart? For example, a specific goal says "I want to sign up five new clients by the end of May." A vague goal says "I want new clients." Get into the habit of being more specific with what you want to achieve. This helps you to focus on how you're going to achieve it. Spend time with God and ask him to define your goals for you and then listen!
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April 21st, in Holland Amsterdam near the train collision accident scene, police and rescue workers are busy tension. On the same day, two train collision in Holland near Amsterdam.
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Then the next one I want to talk about it is where you've got an idea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and maybe you go to an architect or an engineer and he sketches out something very preliminarily based on the property lines. And let’s take it a step further because you run it by the planning department or the zoning department and they say yes that is probably going to be possible (just from an informal standpoint) but we are certainly not going to give you any kind of approvals on it. We just think that if you came in with something like that,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], it would probably fly. Come on folks-that is worth a little bit more but not a whole lot more than just the raw land itself.
Since I’ve taken you this far, I’ve decided to take you all the way! I can’t leave you hanging at this point can I? Okay, let’s re-cap. You have gotten your first deal,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you have priced your unit(s) and now we are going to discuss what stage of selling you are in and how this will affect you and more importantly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], how it will affect the sale.
The first stage I am going to talk about is something I like to call the purse stage. The purse stage is where you sell it without any engineering or any plans whatsoever. You just have this piece of land,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you want to sell it,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and someone else can do whatever he or she wants to with it. That is going to bring you the lowest return. Again,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], not a bad stage,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but this is the stage which will get the least amount of money.
Let’s take it to the next level people. When you spend the actual money to get the engineering done,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and have a more formalized site plan,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and you make the application for the permits,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], that is when it gets to be a whole lot more...a whole lot more valuable. Then when you finally get the approvals it is ready for building permits (not just zoning permits but it is ready for building permits) and you can start putting a shovel in the ground that is when the dirt is its most valuable. So think about your options and make the best decision-the one that works best for you not only personally but one which will yield the best return.
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By Bryan Benson
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Qilu network March 31st news reporter from the Shandong provincial government information office, 2009 year Shandong tax hundred enterprises list formally announced this morning.
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Student loan consolidation can help you to combine the two types of loans into one low monthly payment that makes it easier and quicker for you to pay off your college loans. I told them I love them, The sky was blue with little puffy clouds,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], This is defrauding the clients as these papers are not likely to meet the exact need of the client. Our writers are always committed to ensuring that our clients are able to meet their deadline through our custom writing services. This specific educational shipping style can include an shortened face-to-face type ambiance coupled with a new web-based e-learning aspect being nutritional vitamins towards the study course content. tech-savvy section associated with modern society that will not demand common teacher-student discussion. By writing in first person you are able to show your true character as a person and business owner. you write to be read.By Ermalinda Lynch See all Articles by Ermalinda LynchSee Ermalinda Lynch's Expert PageGet Updates on Life BalanceGet Updates on Ermalinda Lynch Average: 0 Your rating: None Tweet Living By the truth
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Some of the main ones are: * Injury Lawyers 4U. People with genuine causes to make a claim shouldn't be worried about what people will say if they make a claim for compensation. Directions: Layer your fruits with yogurt and enjoy this low calorie snack.
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Central Observatory website
after the cold air swept most parts of China,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the weather was sunny, but compared with the same period in the history of the northeast region, the temperature is still low. Today,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the cooling of Changjiang Delta South, west of Southern China to varying degrees, many people call the "unusually cold spell in early spring".
Central Observatory website
7, a moderate strength cold air will shift from northwest area south of China,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the eastern region of Northwest China to the area north of the Yangtze River will appear successively cooling 4 ~ 8 ℃, with 4 ~ 6 level wind, some regions of northwest and Western Inner Mongolia to dust; in central and southern the Yellow Sea,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the northern East China Sea will level 9,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 10 ~ 11 grade wind gust. The cold air follow close on succession, although cleared up in the sky, but the temperature has improvement hard, seems to want to feel the world April day takes time.
according to the central meteorological station, 7, a moderate strength cold air will shift from northwest area south of China,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the eastern region of Northwest China to the area north of the Yangtze River will be cooling. Predict 6 days nightly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Eastern Jiang-huai region, South East,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], most of Southern China, the temperature will continue to fall,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], most areas of Jiangsu and Anhui 7 morning minimum temperature will drop to 1 ~ 3 ℃, the body feeling temperature low.
Central Meteorological Station forecast, the next 24 hours, northeast Tibet, southeastern Qinghai,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Eastern Inner Mongolia,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Eastern Heilongjiang,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Eastern Jilin and other places there are small to moderate snow (rain) or sleet; Sichuan middle, Eastern Yunnan, Western Guizhou, Hainan and Taiwan and other places have light rain.
(Editor: a)
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April 21st, in Holland Amsterdam near the train collision accident scene, police and rescue workers are busy tension. On the same day, two train collision in Holland near Amsterdam.
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throughout downtown Parliament
,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]
this is the Georgia conflict with Russia since August last year,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the largest opposition group demonstrations lattice. Saakashvili accused the opposition of tyranny and violate the commitment to reform.
(Editor: Lin Man)
lattice police to strengthen the important government security work,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], lattice interior minister Azee Gura Ze when accepts the media interview said,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the police have not yet found violations during a protest.
tens of thousands of people participated in demonstrations. Opposition leaders and their supporters under the banner of a political slogan banners and flags,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], began to rally from everywhere converge to the downtown parliament. The opposition says,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], this meeting will indefinitely,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], until the resignation of Saakashvili. The opposition said at the same time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], they will use peaceful means to achieve the target.
xinhuanet.com Tbilisi on 9 April,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Georgian opposition 9 days in the capital Tbilisi demonstrations and rallies,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to demand the resignation of President Saakashvili.
Georgian opposition began to rally from the confluence of
Sakashenwei in 2004 was elected in January and reelected president of Georgia,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], in 2008 January. He also served as chairman of the biggest party lattice Georgian national movement party.
Georgian opposition 9 days in the capital Tbilisi demonstrations and rallies
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hammered on the head
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April 21st, in Holland Amsterdam near the train collision accident scene, police and rescue workers are busy tension. On the same day, two train collision in Holland near Amsterdam.
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4. Clarify your fee structure.
2,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Review your client's files before each appointment.
3,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Manage expectations.
8. If Tony Soprano becomes your client, don't be surprised if he borrows your car.
You promised to help your client "take her business to the next level." Will you get her there with a marketing plan, a set of confidence-building exercises,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a recommendation for clutter-clearing or a non-stop cheering section of one? Promise you'll "run alongside while she's learning to ride a bike" and she'll wish she'd taken a taxi.
You decide the client needs an extra ebook from your catalog or an extra section on his resume. "I knew you'd want me to do this," you say. "That'll be an extra twenty dollars." Huh? That'll be the end of our relationship.
You may respect your client's choice to worship at the deli on Sunday mornings, but what if your client is devoutly skeptical about the Law of Attraction? If you want clients who share your values, share yours upfront.
7. Forget about converting the client,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. .
10. When you make a mistake, offer compensation.
Be wary of clients who seem very different from your other clients: they move a lot faster or slower, they raise issues you've never dealt with, they argue, they astonish you. Understand how these differences might affect your ability to deliver. Their anger might surprise you even more.
"You're the one who needs marketing plan. Oops! I thought you were the resume client. What's this stuff about Mountains of Joy…oh, your slogan! Maybe I can help you write a new one. You say I wrote that slogan? Uh,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], please don't hang up. Please! I can explain!"
1. Be on time for appointments. If you're late, offer compensatory time.
By Cathy Goodwin, PhD
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5. No surprises on the bill,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Airlines can offer you a piece of the airport floor when they strand you at midnight between Boise and Billings. They have frequent flyer plans. Brilliant recovery strategies can actually deepen loyalty. Offer refunds, extra sessions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], products, and gifts. If you've created a disaster, offer to pay for a few sessions with a colleague who can offer the client a new creation or a new lease on life. Don't wait for the client to ask. He might have his lawyer make the call.
9,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Metaphors can be poison. Use plain English to make your promises.
You think your loyal client could benefit from reading a section of your ebook or attending your next teleclass? Make it a gift Sure, you could say, "For only twenty bucks, it's a deal," or even, "I'll give you a fifty percent discount." Forego the ten bucks. Give your client a reason to stick around and spend a thousand. Upscale clients expect gifts. Their hotels give three chocolates on the pillow.
6. Delight your clients with gifts,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], surprises, and extras.
Customer service is the unglamorous but surprisingly fun side of marketing. Promotion gets you customers. Service lets you keep their loyalty and their money. These tips come from my new ebook,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Delight Your Customers and the Money Will Follow,
Author',[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];s Bio:
Does "monthly retainer" mean you'll send one-line answers to two emails between sessions? Will you read the resume ahead of time? If you resent spending time between sessions, don't be coy. Charge in six-minute segments and pretend you're a lawyer.
Your client's sales are down. You say, "You've got a me-too product in a saturated market." Or you say, "Your negative thoughts are driving away customers." Both statements may be accurate. Before you process that credit card,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], make sure your client knows which one is likely to come from you.
Seems basic, doesn't it? You'd be surprised.
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By Yossarian Fisher
Qilu network March 31st news reporter from the Shandong provincial government information office, 2009 year Shandong tax hundred enterprises list formally announced this morning.
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If I were to use religious language, I would say that
an archetype is a force of nature and that nature, which is
God's creation, is itself a numinous mystery.
Jungian therapy, dream interpretation and biology: Max McDowell
From this digression it seems obvious that I could
not inherit an archetypal image or story, as such, in my
genes. In computers an image takes up a great deal of
storage space. My storage system for genetic information is
much too small. Jung himself argued that we do not inherit
an image, but an archetypal tendency to form an image. He
said that the tendency was activated by the environment and
that the specific image was derived from the environment
(Jung 1936a; 1938/54).
I interpret a dream by means of a creative process
which must also be self-organized. I collect my patient's
associations to the dream's images. As I do so I endure the
anxiety of not knowing what the dream means (Whitmont and
Perera, 1989b). When I have all the associations, I allow
the meaning to emerge, to cohere spontaneously in my
imagination. If, out of anxiety, I had imposed a
preconceived meaning, then I would have missed some of the
associations and thus falsified my interpretation. As
meanings cohere spontaneously, my intellect eliminates those
that are not viable just as, in evolution, natural selection
eliminates non-viable variations.
Perhaps it seems eccentric to compare the human
personality to a beaver's dam! But the human personality is
an aggregate of ill-matched parts, a grab-bag, patchwork,
shifting kind of thing. Its construction bears witness to
past injuries and repairs. It is unlike most biological
structures, in that, within a single species, its form
varies extravagantly from one individual to the next. It is
structured, however, according to some invariant principles.
For example, it must function as a unit and it must
accommodate its immediate environment. All of the above is
also true for a beaver's dam. Thus the dam is a model for
the personality.
The myths of Persephone and Hina-moe-atu seem to
describe a process of maturation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. A woman is drawn into her
instinctual life by a phallic power. Then she sacrifices and
thereby transforms some of her instinctuality. The result is
new psychological growth. This is represented in the myths
as the renewed fertility of the land.
From a rational point of view this poses a problem.
Whose purpose? If my dreams are messages to me, then who or
what is sending them? Must there be an agent within the
unconscious that has its own point of view, its own plans
which are different from mine (Grotstein, 1998)?
Certainly a young child, to whom his or her parents
are incomprehensible, experiences them as numinous
(Whitmont, 1991b). I sometimes say of an extraordinary
person that he or she "seems larger than life," or "seems to
glow in the dark." Jung (1956) himself suggested that an
archetypal image seems numinous to us because of the
overwhelming importance of the instinct that it
represents.
A self-organized system takes resources from its
environment and integrates them into its own structure.
Growth manifests innate potential rather than a plan. It is
like a new stream finding its way downhill: the stream has a
goal but there is no plan.
The Greeks made sacrifices in part to distinguish
their gods from themselves. This helped them to avoid
hubris. Hubris meant taking upon themselves god-like
powers, like flying too close to the sun, which would swamp
their personal identity. In modern terms, when I face an
archetype I am in danger of assigning to myself archetypal
powers, of feeling larger than life. In order to avoid this
inflation, or hubris, I must distinguish between my own
personal qualities and those of the archetype. I must relate
to an archetype rather than fuse with it (Jung 1928/35). I
will come back to this problem when I discuss
relatedness.
Tresan (1996c) also suggested that each of us may
create anew our own archetypal image:
It is now understood that in any biological system
growth tends to be self-organized. Growth is self-organized,
for example, in a beavers' dam, or a living cell, or a
fetus. On a different time scale Darwinian evolution itself
is self-organized. At the psychological level, a therapy
group matures and becomes productive by a spontaneous
process of self-organization (Yalom, 1975). In each case
self-organization leads spontaneously to an emergent
level of order, a level of order distinct from, and more
complex than, the level that preceded it (Holland, 1998).
Thus sticks become a dam, molecules become a cell, reptiles
become mammals, and individuals become a group.
The enormous capacities of ...
each brain are capable of creating de nouveau any known
archetypal pattern through self-organization and without the
need for an invocation of the a priori
[archetype].
Maxson McDowell PhD, LMSW, LP is a
Jungian
analyst with offices in Greenwich Village and the Upper West
Side, New York. He also
works with couples and runs two on-going therapy groups.
What does it mean that a dream figure is numinous?
Why, in most dreams, are the figures not numinous? Dreams
seem to be messages from the unconscious. Usually a figure
in a dream brings me information from the personal
unconscious, that is, knowledge that my conscious mind can
readily encompass. In that case the figure seems mundane.
Often it is someone I know, or reminds me of someone I know.
Then the quality which I associate with that person is the
message. If I dream of my uncle Bill and I associate Bill
with penny-pinching, then my dream suggests that I am
penny-pinching somewhere in my present life. A numinous
figure, however, does not remind me of anyone I know
personally. Often I cannot make out its features because its
face is obscured or strangely illuminated. (This is the
psychological basis for the halo.) When I analyze such a
figure I find that I cannot fully grasp it. Although George
came to understand some of the meaning of his wolf-hawk, it
remained mysterious. By its very design, a chimera (two
animals in one) is an image of that which is
incomprehensible. (Rousseau: "Sleeping Gypsy")
By Maxson J McDowell
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Before Darwin the "miraculous" design of a species
seemed to be proof that it was created directly by God. But
Darwin showed that evolution is self-organized. The design
of a species is infinitely more complex than the design of a
dream. I suggest that a dream organizes itself as follows:
Many images are circulating in my sleeping mind, some
pressing forward from the collective unconscious, some left
over from the day (Freud, 1900). They adhere to each other
by associations of form or meaning, making and breaking
associations as they meet with other images. Sometimes they
cohere into a nucleus which is compelling because it
suggests a new insight into my present condition. That
nucleus gathers more images as it crosses the stimulus
barrier and wakes me. Thus it becomes a dream. (Large
molecules and viruses assemble themselves in a living cell
in just this way.)
The pantheon of Gods in a religion represents, in
psychological terms, a series of archetypes. Demeter,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],
Persephone and Hades are examples. Jung said that archetypes
make up a great part of the unconscious. This he called the
collective unconscious, to distinguish it from the
personal unconscious (Jung 1921). My personal
unconscious is made up of contents which might well be
conscious, but which I have forgotten or repressed in my
individual life. Thus my repressed envy of my friend lies in
my personal unconscious, while the archetype behind
Persephone lies in the collective unconscious. Jung argued
that each archetype gives rise to characteristic images and
myths.
(Matisse: Casbah
Gate)
Buber, M. 1958. I and Thou, trans. R. G. Smith. New
York: Macmillan.
Freud, S. 1900/1965. The Interpretation of Dreams,
trans. J. Strachey, 44. New York: Avon.
Elman, J. L., E. A. Bates, M. H. Johnson, A.
Karmiloff-Smith, D. Parisi, and K. Plunkett 1998.
Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on
Development, 16. Cambridge, MA and London: The MIT
Press.
Gazzaniga, M. S. 1992. Nature's Mind: The Biological
Roots of Thinking, Emotions, Sexuality, Language, and
Intelligence, 50. New York: Basic Books.
Greenough, W. T. 1976. Enduring Brain Effects of
Differential Experience and Training. In: Neural
Mechanisms of Learning and Memory, ed. M. R. Rosenzweig
and E. L. Bennett, 255-278. Cambridge: M. I. T.
Press.
Grotstein, J. 1998. The Numinous and Immanent Nature of the
Psychoanalytic Subject. Journal of Analytical
Psychology 43, 1:41-68.
Holland, J. H. 1998. Emergence from Chaos to Order,
225-231. Reading MA: Perseus.
Hubback, J. 1998. The Dynamic Self. Journal of Analytical
Psychology 43, 2:277-285.
Jung, C. G. 1916/48. General Aspects of Dream Psychology.
Collected Works 8:528. Princeton: Princeton University
Press.
----- 1921. Psychological Types. Collected Works
6:842.
----- 1928/35. The Relations between the Ego and the
Unconscious. Collected Works 7:227.
----- 1928/35. Ibid. 7:240.
----- 1933. Forward to Harding: Women's Mysteries.
Collected Works 18:1228.
----- 1936a. The Concept of the Collective Unconscious.
Collected Works 9 i:91.
----- 1936b. Ibid. 9 i:99.
----- 1938/40. Psychology and Religion. Collected
Works 11:140.
----- 1938/54. Psychological Aspects of the Mother
Archetype. Collected Works 9 i:155.
----- 1940/54. Transformation Symbolism in the Mass.
Collected Works 11:296.
----- 1946/54. On the Nature of the Psyche. Collected
Works 8:404,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
----- 1952a. Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting
Principle. Collected Works 8:967.
----- 1952b. Answer to Job. Collected Works
11:621-624, 640.
----- 1956. The Undiscovered Self. Collected Works
10:547.
Jung, C. G. 1961a. Memories, Dreams, Reflections, ed.
A. Jaffe, trans. R. and C. Winston, 196. New York:
Vintage.
Jung, C. G. 1961b. Ibid. 221.
Kohut, H. 1978. The Psychoanalytic Treatment of Narcissistic
Personality Disorders. In: The Search for the Self,
ed. P. H. Ornstein, 1:477, 478. Madison, Connecticut:
International Universities Press.
Kradin, R. 1997. The Psychosomatic Symptom and the Self: a
Siren's Song. Journal of Analytic Psychology 42,
3:405-423.
Lorenz, K. 1970. Companions as Factors in the Bird's
Environment. In: Studies in Animal and Human
Behavior, trans. R. Martin, 1:101-258. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
Noll, R. 1994. The Jung Cult: Origins of a Charismatic
Movement. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Noll, R. 1997. The Aryan Christ: The Secret Life of Carl
Jung. New York: Random House.
Otto, R. 1936 . The Idea of the Holy, 5-41. London:
Oxford University Press.
Pietikainen, P. 1998a. Response to Hester McFarland Solomon,
George B. Hogenson and Anthony Stevens. Journal of
Analytical Psychology 43, 3:385.
Pietikainen, P. 1998b. Ibid. 43, 3:380, 384.
The Revised English Bible. 1989. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Ryden, H. 1989. Lily Pond: Four Years with a Family of
Beavers, 19-21, 130-136. New York: William
Morrow.
Sperry, R. 1994. A Powerful Paradigm Made Stronger.
Psychological Science Agenda Sept/Oct:10-12.
Stevens, A. 1997a. Critical Notice. Journal of Analytical
Psychology 42, 4:671-690.
Stevens, A. 1997b. Ibid. 42, 4:675, 676.
Tresan, D. L. 1996a. Jungian Metapsychology and
Neurobiological Theory. Journal of Analytical
Psychology 41, 3:403, 410.
Tresan, D. L. 1996b. Ibid. 41,3:415.
Tresan, D. L. 1996c. Ibid. 41,3:421, 422.
von Franz, M.-L. 1988a. Matter and Psyche from the Point of
View of the Psychology of C.G. Jung. In: Psyche and
Matter, 29, 31. Boston: Shambala.
von Franz, M.-L. 1998b. Some Reflections on Synchronicity.
In: Psyche and Matter, 248. Boston:
Shambala.
von Franz, M.-L. 1988c. Matter and Psyche from the Point of
View of the Psychology of C.G. Jung. In: Psyche and
Matter, 29. Boston: Shambala.
Watson, J. D., N. H. Hopkins, J. W. Roberts, J. A. Steitz,
and A. M. Weiner. 1987. The Molecular Biology of the
Gene, 4th ed., 159. Benjamin/Cummings: Menlo Park,
California.
Whitmont, E. C. 1991a. The Symbolic Quest: Basic Concepts
of Analytical Psychology, 38. Princeton: Princeton
University Press.
Whitmont, E. C. 1991b. Ibid., 125.
Whitmont, E. C. 1991c. Ibid., 265-290.
Whitmont, E. C. 1991d. Ibid., 236-246, 296.
Whitmont, E. C., and S. B. Perera 1989a. Dreams, A Portal
to the Source, 7, 67-78. London: Routledge.
Whitmont, E. C., and S. B. Perera 1989b. Ibid.,
12.
Wilson, L. 1968. My Beaver Colony. New York:
Doubleday.
Wilson, L. 1971. Observations and Experiments on the
Ethology of the European Beaver. Viltrevy 8,
3:115-266.
Wood, W. B. and R. A. Crowther, 1983. Long Tail Fibers:
Genes, Proteins, Assembly, and Structure. In:
Bacteriophage T4, eds. C. K. Mathews, E. M. Kutter, G.
Mosig, and P. B. Berget, 263. Washington, D. C.: American
Society for Microbiology.
Yalom, I. D. 1975. The Theory and Practice of Group
Psychotherapy, 2nd ed., 302. New York: Basic
Books.
In our culture a girl is conditioned more than a boy
to interact personally. She talks more to other girls. As a
boy Henry tended more towards impersonal activities, like
sports and cars. Consequently, when he was older, the image
of a young woman represented his archetypal potential for
relatedness. She was young because the potential was
new to him.
Why Jungian
analysis?
My conscious personality is most secure when it feels
in control. But if it encounters the self it finds that it
is only a small part of a larger whole. It is as though I
had discovered that the island on which I lived were not
made of rock, but were the back of a whale.
Where were you when I laid the
earth's foundations?
Tell me, if you know and understand.
Who fixed its dimensions? ... (38:4,5)
Does the rain have a father?
Who sired the drops of dew? (38:2
Does your skill teach the hawk to use its pinions
and spread its wings towards the south? (39:26)
But consider the chief of beasts, the crocodile,
who devours cattle as if they were grass (40:15):
His nostrils gush forth steam
like a cauldron on a fire fanned to full heat (41:20).
Iron he counts as straw,
And bronze as rotted wood (41:27).
He looks down on all, even the highest;
over all proud beasts he is king (41:34).
Both in an animal and in a person, instinct is the
source of drives such as sexuality, hunger, and aggression.
In an animal, but to a much lesser degree in a person,
instinct also specifies complicated behaviors like those
described above by Jung. A person's behavior differs from
animal behavior in that it is more influenced by learning
and less specified by instinct. (I use the term "instinct"
in the broad sense to mean any inherited behavioral
potential.)
The following illustrates how an animal's instinct is
linked to an image. As soon as a gosling hatches, it is
driven by instinct to follow its mother. But it lacks an
internal image of its mother. If I honk like a goose and
crouch low enough, then the newly-hatched gosling imprints
an image of me in its brain to represent mother.
Henceforward, if I crouch and honk, it will follow me. It
will not follow a goose (Lorenz, 1970). The gosling has
inherited the instinct to follow its mother, but it has
taken the image of mother from its environment.
I may experience the self as an autonomous agent
which confronts me with great authority. The encounter
between the ego and the self is represented in the image of
Abraham and "a smoking brazier and a flaming torch" (The
Revised English Bible, Gen. 15:17). Abraham was faced with
an overwhelming central authority. It made demands on him.
While its power made him feel small, it also gave him a
sense of purpose and value.
Animal studies have shown that instincts are inherited
through the genes.
On a coral island, a young woman,
Hina-moe-atu (Hina-sleeping-with-a-god) was bathing in a
fresh-water pool beneath a cliff. A huge eel came to her
from beneath the rocks, went sliding under her vulva, and
gave her pleasure with its tail. The same thing happened
many times. Then, while Hina was gazing at it, the eel
became a handsome young island man. Many times he came with
her to her house and they made love. Then he told her he
would have to leave her forever and instructed her what to
do. There were torrential rains and the water rose to the
threshold of her house. The eel came and laid its head in
her doorway. She cut of its head with the sacred adze of her
ancestor and buried it behind her house. Then she visited
that place every day to see what would happen. In time a
firm green shoot appeared, and from it grew two coconut
palms. The coconut palm provides food and many raw materials
for the economy of the island, and this is how it was
created.
Archetypes and Inheritance
A dream sometimes alludes to a story that is also
told in mythology. When my patient "Ruth" dreamt that she
was abducted to a basement by a dark man, her dream seemed
to allude to the myth of Persephone:
What about the timing of my dream? Why does it appear
just when it is needed? An image may be pushed forward from
the unconscious by an instinctual timetable. Puberty is an
example of such a timetable. Or an image may be evoked from
the collective unconscious by one of the day's events,
perhaps an outside-world event or perhaps a new piece of
self-awareness. That particular image is evoked by
association: it may resemble the event in form or in
meaning, or perhaps the image and the event were associated
in my past experience.
[The]'principle of parsimony'
supports simplicity in the construction of theories: ...
entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity. ... I do
not doubt that some of the most basic conditions of our
historical existence are defined a priori by our biological
constitution. ... What I do question is the totally
speculative notion of the inheritance of archetypal
structure.
Or, in the same predicament, Henry did not sacrifice
either side. He continued to suffer both his fascination for
the young woman and his love for his wife and children. He
sensed that his conflict had meaning. He tried to understand
it, but failed. His talents, his past experience, his ego
skills, were not effective. He was at an impasse. Only then,
when consciousness had been defeated, did he listen to the
unconscious. (It seemed to have created the whole
predicament for just that purpose. If there were a viable
course of action he would have ignored the unconscious.)
I was a man like Picasso. I was
with a Spanish woman and there was physical tension between
us. We drank water together at an old stone fountain. We
poured the water from a jug to a cup. It was a ritual with
deep meaning.
Eventually God responded. He reacted
defensively to Job's accusations, describing Himself as a
force of nature. He warned Job that He had the brute force
of the crocodile. These verses support my argument that an
archetype is a force of nature and that nature itself is a
numinous mystery:
What is analysis?
Maxson J. McDowell
A version of this article
was originally published in Quadrant: Journal of the C.
G. Jung Foundation for Analytical Psychology, Vol. 29,
1. Copyright: C. G. Jung Foundation for Analytical
Psychology, Inc., 1999. All rights reserved.
jungian therapy and dream interpretation in New York
Similar mechanisms must operate in each of us (Stern,
1977), though at a higher level of complexity. This suggests
how the myth of Persephone or of Hina-moe-atu is
"inherited." Every girl in every culture inherits a sexual
instinct,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. Consequently she is attracted to and perhaps
fearful of a man (if she is lesbian, a woman) who is usually
a stranger. She in turn attracts him. With him she explores
her feelings and is drawn away from her family. As she
learns to discriminate these feelings she develops
psychologically. Thus the girl's instinctual predicament,
which is universal, suggests the story of Persephone. She
seems to inherit not the story per se but "the facts
of life" which suggest the story.
I address all these questions in the article
that follows.
If it is simply the instinct which is inherited then
there is no need to postulate an inherited "archetype as
such". This point seems to lie at the heart of Pietikainen's
(1998b) recent criticism of Jungian theory:
"Jack" was fearful in his adult relationships. We had
analyzed this. He understood that he had been physically
abused in his childhood, but he was still fearful. Jack's
father had not only been abusive; he had also been weak and
absent. Therefore Jack lacked an internal image of masculine
strength. Then he made a painting of a huge man with a
hammer. The image was numinous. He "held it" in
consciousness and analyzed it. It evoked for him not only
his childhood abuse, but also the Norse god Thor who
embodied masculine strength and courage. As he began to
relate to the archetype behind the image he became more
courageous. He became more conscious of his own masculine
potential.
Psychology can only approach the
subject from the phenomenological angle, for the realities
of faith lie outside the realm of psychology (Jung
1940/54).
As my future unfolds, if I am fortunate, things
"click into place," I "find my way." These words suggest
that the way was ahead of me, waiting to be found. It was
innate. In part it was inherited as a recipe in my genes. In
part it was inherent or implicit in the situation (how many
ways can you arrange three sticks so that they are
contiguous?).
Job realized that God had no concern for
justice, so he yielded, keeping his reservations to
himself:
No doubt you are intelligent
people,
and when you die, wisdom will perish! (12:2)
The whale is the Leviathan. The story of Job
symbolized the struggle between the ego and the self. At
first Job was secure in his righteousness and prosperity.
Then, with God's permission, Satan attacked him. First he
destroyed his family and his property. Then, when Job was
unbowed,
My argument is supported by much experimental
research. For example, rats were reared in an environment
enriched with playthings and opportunities to explore, while
a control group was reared in an impoverished environment.
It was found that an "enriched" rat's cerebral cortex was
thicker, had a higher metabolic rate, and had more
higher-order dendritic branches. (Greenough, 1976). Recent
experiments have shown that in vertebrates, while the visual
and somatosensory regions of the cerebral cortex are
developing,
In time I realize that my maturation is being
directed, but not by me. I cannot choose the goal. Hence I
feel that an independent agent has its own plan for me and
that my dream is composed by that agent to further its
plan.
An analogy will help to explain what I mean. A recipe
specifies how to bake bread. But the recipe itself contains
only a few pieces of explicit information. The recipe may
say nothing about the final three-dimensional reality of the
loaf, its shape, texture, color, aroma, and taste. The
success of the bread depends upon its ability to absorb
information in a controlled manner from the environment. The
baker's actions, the oven, the pan, the humidity, the
barometric pressure, and the chemical and physical
properties of the ingredients all contribute information
that helps to determine the final form of the loaf. In this
analogy the recipe corresponds to the genetic information,
while the baker's actions and the oven contribute
environmental information. The point is that while genes
cannot function as a blueprint they do function as a recipe.
In technical terms, we know that a gene functions as an
alogorithm (Elman et. al. 1988). An alogorithm is a
recipe.
As I grow I assimilate resources from my environment.
This may be external, the outside world, but it is also
internal. The collective unconscious is the internal
environment from which my consciousness develops. The stages
in the evolution of consciousness out of the collective
unconscious have been described, for example by Whitmont
(1991c). When I am in midlife (somewhere around the age of
40), my conscious personality may be shaken by an encounter
with an archetypal force. If this happens I may, with hard
work, develop a more conscious relationship to the
archetype.
Jungian therapy, dream interpretation and biology
References
Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Raff, K.
Roberts, and J. D. Watson 1994. The Molecular Biology of
the Cell, 339-340. New York and London: Garland.
Thor
If I am to relate to an archetypal image, I must be
willing to analyze it not only prospectively, for where it
is leading me, but also reductively, for how it relates to
my past. I may have been injured in childhood around that
archetype. I may have repressed grief and longing, or fear
and shame, or perhaps, if the injury was early, archaic
rage. If I fail to analyze the image reductively, then it
becomes an intellectual defense against painful memories and
feelings, a "head trip." Such a defense weakens my sense of
reality and my ability to integrate power and eros (Whitmont
1991d). The following shows how reductive and prospective
analyses work together.
Over the centuries the myth of Persephone has been
worked out to completion and stripped of extraneous detail.
The narrative has been tested and found "true" by many
tellers and many listeners. But Ruth is an individual. An
amplification or an interpretation may be "true" in general,
but "wrong" for her. Perhaps the timing is wrong, or the
emphasis, or perhaps she and I have misunderstood the dream
altogether. We consider our interpretation of her dream
"true" only if she feels the truth of it, or if it is
confirmed by some spontaneous visceral reaction in her, like
a flush, or tears, or a sudden release of tension.
How can it help?
Why is an archetypal image numinous? Can there be a
rational explanation? I argue that the collective
unconscious is made up of inherited instincts and the images
derived from them. As such it is archaic and enduring. It
must always have been present in humans and in their hominid
ancestors. In fact, since all animals have instincts it is
as old, in some form, as the nervous system itself (Jung
1956). It is not changed by my individual history; in each
of us it is the same. My conscious personality, however, my
sense of "I", is transitory. It is born in my early
childhood and dies when I die. It is unique, being the sum
of my own individual experience. Thus my consciousness is
only a temporary epiphenomenon of the timeless unconscious.
It is like a mushroom which appears only briefly
aboveground. A mushroom is born out of the mycelium, the
main mass of the fungus, which persists indefinitely
underground.
There is no summer and winter on a coral
island.
Author's Bio: ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
How does it relate to
biology?
Since my conscious personality is born during my
childhood, it must grow during my lifetime; it must
assimilate new experiences in order to expand its range. In
this regard my conscious personality is like a biological
system. In biology, the principle of self-assembly or
self-organization was clarified by research on the
structure of hemoglobin and the assembly of viruses that
began in the 1940's (Watson et. al., 1987; Wood and
Crowther, 1983).
The Purposeful Psyche
When I work with dreams the unconscious seems to have
a goal in mind. Current dreams address current problems.
Dreams are forever correcting a one-sided view and
suggesting how the dreamer might proceed. Ruth's dream, for
example, hinted that she was living too intellectually and
trying to suppress instinctual needs; perhaps she needed to
go deeper. Throughout Ruth's analysis she and I assumed that
her dreams had purpose and that it was our task to decipher
it.
In the second vignette, as Henry related more to the
inner woman, he began to relate more to others: he became
more engaged with people close to him, and also more engaged
in his creative work. In order to write successfully he had
to relate not only to his own inner reality but also to his
audience's reality. Both personally and creatively, he
incorporated some of his archetypal potential for
relatedness. His conscious personality was thereby
enlarged.
Thus God and Job responded to each other. There was a
back-and-forth quality which was the beginning of
relatedness. Job stood on justice and rationality in the
face of the incomprehensible. Then he recognized God's
limitation. Jung argued that God in turn was transformed by
the encounter: His moral defeat at the hands of Job led
eventually to the birth of Christ, through which God became
more responsive to mankind (Jung, 1952b). All of this
supports my argument that relatedness is a goal of
individuation. I do not refer to Job as a statement of
faith, but to illustrate a psychological phenomenon that has
a long history.
According to Jung:
It seems difficult to account for the inheritance of
archetypes in rational terms. To explain what I mean I must
digress into biology. Although inheritance is based upon
genes, the total number of different genes in my chromosomes
is limited. Recent research has shown that a person has only
about twenty times as many genes as a bacterium: I have less
than 100,000 and a bacterium has between 3,000 and 5,000
(Alberts et. al., 1994). But my structure is astronomically
more complex (Tresan, 1996b). The small number of my genes
must mean that genetic information cannot function as a
blueprint. While the structure of a building is specified in
detail in its blueprint, I do not have enough genes to
specify my structure in this manner. In fact most genes
specify processes rather than structures; most genes code
for enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions within the
cell. It follows that these chemical reactions, which are
relatively few in number, must absorb information in a
controlled manner from their environment in order to create
my final structure,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Picasso was a highly creative man who was
inspired by a series of mistresses. Water symbolizes the
flow of feeling or creativity. The woman made the water
accessible (the cup) from its impersonal source (the
fountain). Thus the Spanish woman represented the
anima. It was she who made the young woman in Henry's
outer life seem so compelling. Eventually Henry recognized
that he had been projecting an archetype onto a person.
... But I have spoken of
things
which I have not understood,
things too wonderful for me to know (42:3).
Therefore I yield,
repenting in dust and ashes (42:6).
It seems to follow that my conscious mind cannot
encompass the unconscious, any more than a hailstone can
encompass the weather. I can speculate about it, or sketch
it in intellectually, but I cannot know it. In terms of
subjective experience, an intellectual sketch is not the
same as knowing. I may describe the universe and its
galaxies mathematically, but it remains an awe-inspiring
mystery to me. Thus when a figure in my dream represents an
archetype it represents something from another realm, like
the realm of the fairies in Celtic myth. Its numinosity may
be my subjective experience of the incomprehensibility of
the archetype, my way of representing that
incomprehensibility within consciousness1.
I think of the following examples from my practice,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. A
painter discovered in middle age that she loved to write
fiction. A woman who had been a pleaser discovered that she
had a talent for wielding power; she enjoyed her power in
her corporation. An engineer whose education had been mostly
technical discovered that he loved to paint. A man from an
alienated and unhappy family discovered that he loved
children and liked to be with his own family. In each of
these examples the person grew, not according to any plan,
but by stumbling upon his or her own potential.
It seems that Ruth's dream and the two myths must
each have arisen independently from the same source. Jung
called that source an archetype, a psychological
invariant common to each of us because it is inherited
rather than learned. By analogy there are behavioral
invariants, like blushing, or smiling, or crying, which are
common to each of us because they are inherited rather than
learned. (We modify them by learning.)
The Anima
The following vignettes illustrate such an encounter.
(These vignettes are chosen for contrast,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]; I do not mean to
imply that they exhaust the possibilities. The predicament I
describe can have many outcomes.) In middle age "Henry" was
struggling to write creatively. He became fascinated with a
younger woman. Since he loved his wife and children, he was
caught between two opposing desires. He was thrown into
conflict. He could not bear the tension and felt compelled
to end it. Perhaps he repressed his fascination, or perhaps
he abandoned his family. Either way he may have sacrificed
too much and thereby injured himself,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych]. He may have understood
his longing for the younger woman in too literal terms.
Earlier I discussed Ruth's dream of being abducted to
the underworld. I suggested then that she formed this
archetypal image (and all other archetypal images) in her
imagination, by a creative process which drew upon both
inherited and environmental suggestions. In view of what I
have said in the last few paragraphs, it seems clear that
Ruth's archetypal image was self-organized.
Ruth's dream of being taken to a basement may help
her to resolve an objective, i.e. outer-life, problem. If
she is young and struggling to separate from her mother, or
if she is an adult whose passionate feelings are repressed,
then the dream may guide her towards a deeper relationship
with a man.
The story of Job suggests that, when the self
approaches, it may injure me until I learn to relate to it.
The following example makes this clear. My patient "Paul"
suffered at times from eczema (like Job), arthritis, and
shortness of breath. When we analyzed them, these proved to
be expressions of narcissistic rage. Beneath his rage was
healthy grandiosity, that is, his need to show and assert
himself (Kohut, 1978), which had been frustrated since
infancy. It seemed that his parents had always withheld
recognition of his accomplishments. In adult life his
symptoms recurred whenever his frustration became acute.
When he became more conscious of his rage, and of his need
to assert himself, his symptoms were relieved. Thus his
somatic symptoms represented his potential to be whole, the
self, struggling to incarnate (Kradin, 1997, Hubback,
1998).
Behind the mystery I have described there is perhaps
an ultimate mystery. But psychology does not deal with the
ultimate:
In a previous career I was an experimental scientist
in molecular biology; now I am a Jungian analyst. As an
analyst I sense that there are non-rational forces at work.
I encounter numinous images and I find that the psyche has
its own goals which are independent of mine. But as a
biologist I seek rational explanations. My two points of
view, that of a biologist and that of an analyst, are in
conflict. The conflict has led to this paper. (Medieval,
Catalan: "Nativity")
But Tresan did not explain how this might be
accomplished. I argue that the inherited instinct is the
a priori from which an archetypal image organizes
itself.
central neurons wait for
information from the periphery [i.e. from the environment]
in order for normal development to go forward. If the
messages change, a different brain organization results
(Gazzaniga, 1992).
Conclusion
The principle of self-organization rules everywhere
in biology, from the assembly of molecules to all higher
levels of order. The same principle may also apply in
psychology. I have explained how an archetypal image may
self-organize. I have also explained how my dream and its
interpretation may self-organize. Finally, the overall
process by which I individuate may self-organize. I have
given some clinical illustrations.
In view of what I have said so far, however, it seems
more likely that my dream is simply a representation of an
unconscious content which has always had the potential to be
integrated. My dream, then, is an unconscious content moving
towards consciousness as a log floats towards a beaver dam.
My emergent "greater personality, the self" (Jung, 1961b),
imposes its agenda, both upon my conscious personality and
upon my dream, as a growing beaver dam imposes its agenda
upon its component parts.
Job argued bitterly and persistently,
protesting God's injustice. He rejected his comforters'
conventional wisdom:
the sum total of conscious and
unconscious contents ... the wholeness of the personality
which, if all goes well, is harmonious but which cannot
tolerate self-deception (Jung 1938/40; 1961a).
Thus (I argue) the self is the potential for
an emergent, more unified organization of the personality,
one in which the ego and the unconscious are more related to
each other. Because every other archetype leads towards this
central potential, every other archetype is an aspect of it.
In time this potential pushes itself forward, demanding that
it too be integrated.
Buber (1958) used the term "I-Thou" to describe a
relationship in depth, one which encompasses the mysterious
in self and other. I can relate to you in depth only if I
relate to my own depth, to that part of myself which is
incomprehensible. To relate consciously to the
incomprehensible, I argue, I need a standpoint in the
rational. Otherwise I am fascinated and absorbed by the
incomprehensible,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which is not the same as relating to it.
Odysseus had to face Circe with a drawn sword lest he be
turned into a pig. Circe was the incomprehensible anima.
Odysseus's sword represented the discriminating power of
rationality and consciousness.
Why are Archetypal Images Numinous?
Demeter, Persephone, and Hades were gods. To the
ancient Greeks who worshiped them they were numinous,
which means they evoked awe, or fear and wonder (Otto,
1936). Like the Greeks, my patients sometimes dream of a
figure which is highly charged and mysterious. For example
"George" dreamt:
I have not proven that these three explanations are
correct. But the component parts from which they are
constructed, for example the inheritance of instincts, the
dependence of development on information from the
environment, self-assembly,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], emergence (as I have defined
it), association, and selective awareness during sleep (some
noises wake me and some do not), have all been proven
elsewhere. The three explanations satisfy the law of
parsimony: they are simple and highly economical. Perhaps
they should serve as working hypotheses until they are
proven incorrect.
A bizarre animal, a hawk with a
big wolf's head, flew towards me, landed on my hand, and
looked at me. It was full of power. It was like a freight
train rushing towards me.
The Self
Standing behind each of the archetypes (wise man,
hero, anima, etc) there seems to be a single
all-encompassing archetype. Jung called it the
self:
Persephone
was a young woman. While she was picking flowers in a field,
she was seized by Hades and taken to the underworld. Her
mother, Demeter, was grief-stricken and enraged. She made
the land barren. A deal was struck amongst the gods. For six
months of the year Persephone was Hades' bride, Queen of the
Underworld. For the other six months she was allowed to
rejoin her mother. Whenever Persephone was with her, Demeter
made the land fertile again. This is why we have summer and
winter. (Gaugin: "Breton Landscape")
Ruth's dream and the myth are somehow related.
Moreover similar myths have arisen independently in other
cultures. For example there is a Polynesian myth that
retells the story of Persephone:
What do I mean by "relatedness"? If I am to relate to
you then I must be with you and not just adjacent to you. I
must not only talk and not only listen, but both. Depending
on what is called for in the moment, I may feel joy in your
company, or I may oppose you without flinching. My
standpoint must be distinct from yours. I must be conscious,
both of your circumstances and of mine, both of your
feelings and of mine.
The archetypes are the
unconscious images of the instincts. ... [An archetype] is
not meant to denote an inherited idea, but rather an
inherited mode of functioning, corresponding to the inborn
way in which the chick emerges from the egg, the bird builds
its nest, a certain kind of wasp stings the motor ganglion
of the caterpillar, and eels find their way to the Bermudas.
In other words it is a "pattern of [instinctual] behavior"
(Jung, 1936b; 1933). (Rousseau: "Flamingoes")
Purpose and Dreams
I have described encounters with the anima, with
Thor, and with the self. My point is that my personality has
an innate tendency to integrate new resources from the
unconscious. This is the goal towards which my individuation
is directed. My direction, however, is not always onwards
and upwards. Defeat, loss, decay, and death are also
archetypal. If I am to mature, I have to relate to them.
How could my explanation account for the structure of
a dream? A dream is precise and conveys subtle messages. It
may use dramatic structure (Whitmont and Perera, 1989a),
humor, and irony. These qualities, however, are
characteristic of consciousness. It is clear that my dream
must, in its construction, employ the knowledge and language
skills of my ego. After all it may include words in English!
This suggests that a dream is akin to a creative product
like a poem or a painting. Like these, it seems to be
created by a collaboration between my educated mind, working
unconsciously, and the unconscious itself.
She must also inherit her imaginative capacity or,
more accurately, the potential to develop it. It seems that
her imagination recreates the story of Persephone in
response to both inherited and environmental directions. As
I have already explained, her physical body is formed by an
analogous process in response to both inherited and
environmental directions.
It has been shown that beavers do not plan their dam.
Young beavers were reared in isolation from adults, and were
never exposed to a beavers' dam. Nevertheless they built
dams. In one experiment, the young beavers were exposed to
the recorded sound of running water. With this stimulus they
built dams even in a still tank of water (Wilson, 1968,
1971). These experiments show that dam building is the
result not of purposeful action but of instinctive behavior.
(The fact that a beaver can perfect a behavior by observing
a more experienced beaver does not contradict the argument.)
A beaver cuts down trees, digs channels to float the logs
towards the dam, and then places them in a mass, together
with small branches, mud, and whatever other materials it
can find (Ryden, 1989). The dam assembles itself out of
these materials. As it grows, it is guided by its inherent
(a priori) formal or mathematical possibilities. This
concept sounds abstruse but is actually familiar: for
example, how many different ways can you arrange three
match-sticks so that they are contiguous? The dam is also
guided by the constraints of its environment, such as
gravity, water pressure, and the shape of the stream's bank.
Thus it becomes an individual unit that is sensitively
adapted to its environment.
I argue that relatedness is a central goal of
individuation. In brief, to relate is to engage consciously
with the other. The other is found both in the outer
world and in the inner world of the psyche. To relate in
depth we must be open to that part of the other which is
mysterious.
P {text-indent:30pt; text-align:justify}
P.intro {text-indent:0pt; text-align:justify}
... he afflicted Job with running
sores from the soles of his feet to the crown of his head,
and Job took a piece of broken pot to scratch himself as he
sat among the ashes (Job 2:7,.
Ruth's dream only hinted at a story, while
the myth elaborates the story and suggests a resolution.
George was shocked by the wolf-hawk. He reacted with
fear and wonder, just as the Greeks reacted to visitations
by their gods. When I call George's image numinous, I am not
making an irrational statement of faith. Rather I am using a
psychological term for an empirical observation which has a
long history,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych].
Then God restored his good fortune.
It seems that any archetypal image could be created
by the mechanism I have described. I inherit the potential
to acquire knowledge and insight. I see my potential
embodied in another man who is older than me. Hence I form
the archetypal image of the wise old man. I inherit the
potential to leave my parents, but also the potential to
regress, to go back home. I repress my desire to go back and
project it onto my mother: it is her desire to take me back.
Hence I develop the archetypal image of the battle with a
devouring monster. I inherit the potential to be related but
project this potential onto a young woman. Hence I develop
the archetypal image of the anima. I inherit the
potential to unify my personality more in the second half of
my life, the potential to develop a relationship between my
conscious ego and the archetypes. Hence I form an archetypal
image of the self. I will say more later about the
anima and the self.
A vital and mysterious woman appeared in Henry's
dreams. She took many forms. For example:
Return to Jungian therapy, dream interpretation, and autism
Notes
1I explain when I discuss the self
(in this paper) that an archetype also implies the
possibility of an emergent level of order in the
personality. Like an instinct, such a possibility is a
priori, or "immortal", and may therefore seem numinous.
I develop the idea of a priori possibility in a
forthcoming paper.
But the dream might also refer to a subjective,
inner-life problem. Ruth may be blocked in her own creative
work. Perhaps she feels sterile, or perhaps she lacks the
necessary discrimination and assertion. Discrimination can
be represented by a sword or a knife and assertion by a
club. Since these are phallic symbols, discrimination and
assertion are phallic powers. Hades would then represent her
own inner phallic potential. Then the dream might help her
to relate more consciously to that potential, so that her
creative work could flourish. Such inner developments are
intangible and difficult to understand. The dream solves
this problem by using a familiar outer-life story (a girl's
deepening connection to a man) as a metaphor. Often, in a
dream, the outer and inner levels of meaning both apply.
(Picasso: "Jaqueline")
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A number of things can shake up a person's life, but divorce is definitely one of the biggest. Whether you initiated it or not, dealing with the aftermath takes a great deal of emotional fortitude.
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By Robert Brown
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Not Just Gas
British Gas electricity also follows a similar sort of price line as its rivals and as a result has attracted many people to take on the British Gas Dual Fuel deal. In this package, British Gas provides both gas and electricity to your home at a discounted rate. So not only do you have to deal with even fewer stupid machines,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but you can also check the better price you're getting by looking at what you're paying on the website. The dual fuel deal includes better energy prices because it combines both British Gas electricity tariffs and the tariffs relating to gas too. Look at it like a kind of loyalty bonus for getting what you need from the same place.
Some of these websites can even be quite pleasant to use because they make things a lot simpler. Actually dealing with anyone who's taking money from you never really tends to be a pleasant experience. Using a website is definitely more pleasant than talking to one of those machines, however. One of the more easy to use websites is Britshgas Online. There are a number of things you can do on the website, including managing your account and checking the latest British Gas prices. While you can't compare the prices from other energy providers,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you can rest assured that British Gas tariffs are relatively competitive.
There are also many companies,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], other than British Gas,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], who can boast an easy-to-use website and competitive home energy prices on a gas,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], electricity or dual fuel basis. Despite the better prices that can be obtained by getting a Dual Fuel Deals, it still has to be said that you could probably get an even better price if you were to shop around thoroughly, even if you didn't go for a dual fuel deal elsewhere. Either way, the benefits of using a website to manage your account with a company are obvious. The main benefit of course being that you don't have to keep tearing your hair out because a machine is threatening to put you on hold.
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Control. As a freelancer you have to please your boss or your client. You don't usually make strategic decisions and you rely on other people to give you direction. As an employee you can become the boss and control your future.
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First Paragraph of the Press Release Writing is Vital for its Success
Title and Summary Are Elevator Pitch in the Press Release Writing
First; give a catchy and highly relevant title of 10-12 words,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych];
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Some Settled Principles of Formatting the Press Release Writing
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A police bomb disposal squad arrived at the scene and found two parcel delivery boxes measuring 36 cm by 30 cm by 25 cm. On top of the boxes, the words "Gun-po, Gyeonggi, January-December, 2008" were written.
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We all fall into habitual responses - we give too much, we go quiet,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], we become enraged. There is no blame. It just is. Our default behaviors are ones we slide into when we are stressed,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], overwhelmed or scared. We lose ourselves in the patterns we fall into. See where you find yourself hiding your true light in the following descriptions.
So which are the ones you got lost in?
Perhaps you stand on the outside looking in at life. If you see everyone living life in a way you only wish you could, or in a bigger way than you feel safe doing,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], you may fall into this default mode. Allowing others to call the shots means you have to push down emotions: anger, sadness, fear. You feel safer standing on the sidelines. You still do all the things women do: giving, working, nurturing. But you are not actively engaged they way you'd like to be. There is a path to reclaiming your power - it begins with small steps,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but the changes will be big!
Or maybe you're angry. You find yourself in conflict, looking for things that are wrong. Maybe you blame others for getting you to this place - the government, your husband, the job. Anger is often an outward manifestation of fear. Getting clear on what you are afraid of, facing it, and then dissolving it, will move you out of the default mode of anger.
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Ditch the fear that keeps your light under a bushel!
With all the love you, as a woman, have to give - give some to yourself!
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Let's face it. As women we give. We do (a lot), we feel, we work, we play (though not enough play!). Do you get tired from so much giving? What I see happening very often with some of my clients is that they get tired,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and they feel taken advantage of. But they also get pissed.
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There are so many more elements that can be incorporated to create a Lifestyle of Romance. Make a list of those things that would make you feel like you're living a life of romance and then begin to implement them into your everyday life.
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